NUR640 final group presentation, Slides of Pathophysiology

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Polycystic Ovary

Syndrome

NUR-6400 Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Gail Jones Daniela Crowley, Lisa Floyd & Kayla Gunderson December 21, 2024

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovaries are numerous cysts filled

with follicles

• Produce immature follicles
• Contain immature eggs
• Failure to trigger ovulation

Lack of Ovulation causes changes in

hormone levels

• Alters estrogen, progesterone, follicle- stimulating hormone, and Luteinizing Hormone.
• High Androgen "male" hormone levels

PCOS Epidemiology

• (^) Affects 8-13% of women in reproduction age
• (^) 70% of women with symptoms go undiagnosed
• (^) Ethnic variations in manifestations and effects differ
• (^) Long-term health problems that affect physical and emotional health without a cure

Symptoms of PCOS

Menstrual Irregularities Excess Androgen Symptoms Metabolic Changes Infrequent periods Heavy Bleeding Missed periods Short luteal phase Excessive facial Hair Male-pattern baldness Increased body hair Acne, Oily skin Insulin resistance High Blood Pressure Weight gain Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Psychological Effects Depression, Anxiety, Low-self-esteem Body image Issues

References

Awonuga, A. O., Camp, O. G., & Abu-Soud, H. M. (2023). A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 21, 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01159- Dokras, A., Clifton, S., & Futterweit, W. (2018). Increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in women with PCOS. Fertility and Sterility, 109(5), 828–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.02. Dong, J., & Rees, D. A. (2023). Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. BMJ Medicine, 2, e000548. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2023- Dybciak, P., Raczkiewicz, D., Humeniuk, E., Powrózek, T., Gujski, M., Małecka-Massalska, T., Wdowiak, A., & Bojar, I. (2023). Depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(20), 6446. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm Mukerjee, N. (2020). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, causes, and treatments—A review. International Journal of Science and Research, 9(7), 1949–1957. Teede, H. J., Deeks, A. A., & Moran, L. J. (2018). Management of psychological features in PCOS. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 48, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.06. Witchel, S. F., Oberfield, S. E., & Peña, A. S. (2019). Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(8), 1545–1573. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019- World Health Organization. (2023, June). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Xu, X. L., Deng, S. L., Lian, Z. X., & Yu, K. (2021). Estrogen receptors in polycystic ovary syndrome. Cells, 10(2), 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells Zehra, B., & Khursheed, A. A. (2018). Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Symptoms, treatment, and diagnosis—A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 875–880.