NUR 446 Exam Questions and Child Safety Tips, Exams of Nursing

Download NUR 446 Exam Questions and Child Safety Tips and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NUR 446

COMPLETED EXAM

QNS & ANS

1. Discuss the physical, gross motor, fine motor, vocalization, socialization and cognition characteristics of a : a) 1 Month Old  Physical: weight gain of 5-7 oz weekly for the first 6 months o Height gain of 1 inch monthly for the first 6 months o Head circumference increases by 0.5 cm monthly for the first 6 months o Primitive reflexes present and strong o Doll’s eye reflex and dance reflex fading o Obligatory nose breathing (most infants)  Gross Motor: assumes flexed position with pelvis high but knees not under abdomen when prone (at birth, knees flexed under abdomen) o Can turn head from side to side when prone; lifts head momentarily from bed o Has marked head lag, especially when pulled from lying to sitting position o Holds head momentarily parallel & in midline when suspended in prone position o Assumes asymmetric tonic neck reflex when positioned supine o When held in standing position, body is limp at knees and hips o In sitting position, back is uniformly rounded, with absence of head control  Fine Motor: hands predominantly closed o Grasp reflex strong o Hand clenches on contact with rattle  Vocalization: cries to express displeasure o Makes small, throaty sounds o Makes comfort sounds during feeding  Socialization & Cognition: sensorimotor phase (stage I), use of reflexes (birth- 1 - month-old) o Watches parent’s face intently as she or he talks to infant

time  Vocalization: says three to give words besides “dada”, “mama” o Comprehends meaning of several words (comprehension always precedes verbalization) o Recognizes objects by name o Imitates animal sounds o Understands verbal commands (“Give it to me”, “Show me your eyes”)  Socialization & Cognition: shows emotions such as jealousy, affection, anger, & fear o Enjoys familiar surroundings & explores away from parent o Is fearful in strange situation; clings to parent o May develop habit of “security blanket” as favorite toy o Has increasing determination to practice locomotor skills o Searches for an object even if it has not been hidden but searches only where object was last seen

2. Discuss Common infant injuries, associated risk factors, & safety promotion
   1. Suffocation, Sleep Position: latex balloons, plastic bags, bed surface (non-infant), such as sofa or adult bed, pillows, soft cushions & blankets, prone sleeping a. Safety: avoid latex balloons except with close adult supervision i. Tie unused plastic bags in a knot & dispose of in a safe container ii. Avoid placing infants to sleep on sofas, soft bedding, or adult beds iii. Avoid use of pillows for sleep iv. Clear bedding of soft cushions & blankets v. Place infant to sleep on back at all times
      2. Asphyxia, Animal Bites: food items, cylindrical items, such as hot dogs, hard candy, peanuts, almonds, toys (legos), small objects (batteries, buttons, beads, beans, syringe caps, safety pins), pacifiers, baby (talc) powder, domestic dogs, cats a. Safety: cut hot dogs lengthwise; avoid hard candy i. If the toy fits into a toilet paper cardboard roll, it

can be swallowed by a child ii. Pacifiers should be one piece iii. Avoid shaking powder over infant 1. Place on adult’s hand & then place on infant’s skin iv. Supervise child around domestic animals 1. Teach not to approach dog that is eating, has puppies, or is not feeling well

3. Falls: stairs, diaper changing table, crib, bed-crib sides can fall when infant leans on them, infant carriers, car seat restraints, high chair, infant walkers, windows, screens, television, stereos, sound systems a. Safety: infants like to climb, place childproof gate at top & bottom of stairs i. Infants do not have depth perception & cannot perceive a dangerous height from one that is safe; never leave infants unattended on a flat surface ii. Never leave infants unattended in a carrier on top of a surface (shopping cart, clothes dryer, washer, kitchen cabinet); place in carrier on floor iii. Secure infant in car seat restraint securely & never leave unattended iv. Restrain infant in high chair, avoid using except for feeding v. Use only stationary walkers vi. Avoid placing furniture next to a window
4. Electrical Burns or Burns: electrical outlets, hot hair combs, curlers, water, fireplace, stove, hot liquids, cigarettes a. Safety: place safety cap over electrical outlets; keep turned off when not in use b. Lower water heater to a safe temperature (120°F) c. Place a childhood screen in front of fireplace d. Keep top front burners off and keep pot handles turned toward back to avoid infant pulling hot pit onto self & causing burn injuries e. Avoid smoking & holding infant on lap while smoking cigar or cigarette
5. Poisoning, Ingestions: medications, ointments, creams, lotions, plants, cleaning solutions a. Safety: keep plants out of child’s reach i. Store in locked cabinet or in top cabinet where there are no drawers or shelves for infant to climb on
6. Automobile Safety: car or truck & hot weather, air bags, car seat restraint a. Safety: avoid placing infants in a car restraint behind an air bag i. Deactivate the air bag or place

 Parent/caregiver discloses that abuse has or may have occurred  Patient makes an outcry of abuse or neglect