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NUR 2502 EXAM 1/MDC3 EXAM 1 2024/200 QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS/MULTIDIMENSIONAL
CARE 3EXAM 1 / /ALREADY GRADED A+/LATEST 2024-
2025/ RASMUSSEN COLLEGE
A client with a urinary tract infection has just been diagnosed with acute kidney injury. The provider ordered lab work to be done. The nurse expects which of the following abnormal labs to be present in this client with acute kidney injury?
ANSWER: Potassium= 3.0 mEq/L The nurse includes which of the following in self-management teaching for a client diagnosed with vulvovaginitis? >ANSWER: Cleanse the inner labial mucosa with water, not soap The nurse educates a teenage client on the benefits of receiving the HPV vaccine as protection against which type of cancer? >ANSWER: Cervical cancer A 40 year old woman has heavy vaginal bleeding. Which of the following questions is the priority when evaluating the client's chief complaint? >ANSWER: "Are you feeling weak, dizzy, or lightheaded?" A nurse is provided education to a client diagnosed with urinary incontinence. Which of the following should be included in the client's education? >ANSWER: Maintain an ideal body weight A client experiencing secondary syphilis may experience which of the following signs and symptoms? (SATA) >ANSWER: Generalized rash Headache
Low-grade fever A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes about preventing the long-term complications of nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? >ANSWER: "Maintain stable blood glucose levels." When educating a client, the nurse shares that which of the following is the most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis? >ANSWER: Repeated or continued upper urinary tract infections Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for the development of prostate cancer? >ANSWER: Diet Which of the following are common assessment findings for a client with acute pyelonephritis? (SATA) >ANSWER: Burning and frequency of urination Flank pain Fever A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. The nurse anticipates the following interventions or treatment options except which one?
ANSWER: Blood transfusion The nurse knows which of the following is considered a late stage of prostate cancer? >ANSWER: Hematuria A nurse is caring for a client who is status-post nephrostomy secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Which of the following nursing interventions is the highest priority
The nurse is teaching a group of women about preventing toxic shock syndrome. What preventative measures does the nurse include in the teaching? (SATA)
ANSWER: "Change tampons every 4 to 6 hours." "Use sanitary napkins at night." "Avoid the use of high absorbency tampons." "Avoid using internal contraceptives." A nurse is providing education at a health fair regarding breast cancer. Informational brochures on which topic would be the most beneficial to distribute to the participants? >ANSWER: Self-breast examination A 58-year-old female client presents to the health care provider's office for a checkup. The client communicated that she has not previously had any preventive screening. Which of the following for developing breast cancer? >ANSWER: Dense breast tissue A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Which of the following is a treatment option for a client with end-stage kidney disease? ANSWER: Dialysis The nurse has viewed the lab results of a client being treated for nephrotic syndrome and has noted a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Which of the following does the nurse include in the diet? >ANSWER: Ensure adequate protein intake in the diet
A nurse is providing education to a female client regarding cystitis. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client's education? >ANSWER: Avoid the use of feminine sprays The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client with metastasis of prostate cancer to the bone. Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse expect to be elevated? >ANSWER: Serum alkaline phosphatase The nurse is caring for a 45 - year-old female client that presented to the health care provider's office with concerns regarding finding a lump during her monthly self- breast examination. A nurse suspects masses found. The nurse knows that to confirm a diagnosis of breast cancer which of the following is needed?
ANSWER: Biopsy A nurse is caring for a 56-year-old male client recently diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following is a common assessment finding related to this disorder? >ANSWER: Nocturia The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client, which states the client sex is male. Upon entering the room, the nurse notices that the client is wearing feminine clothing and makeup. >ANSWER: Ask the client about how they prefer to be addressed A male client is concerned about developing erectile dysfunction. Which of the following would the nurse include in the client's education about the causes of erectile dysfunction? (SATA) >ANSWER: Psychological conditions Recent prostatectomy Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following clients are at risk of developing genital warts? >ANSWER: Recent diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) A nurse is caring for a 30-year-old male client recently diagnosed with testicular cancer. Which of the following nursing education topics should be included before surgery for this client? >ANSWER: Options for sperm banking A 48-year-client is asking about screening recommendations for breast cancer. Which of the following should be included in the nurse's response? >ANSWER: Annual mammography beginning at age 45 A nurse is caring for a 30 year old female client diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma. What does the nurse expect to see documented as the client's presenting chief complaint? >ANSWER: Heavy vaginal bleeding An older adult client is being treated for endometrial cancer. Which common symptom does the nurse expect to find in the client's record that was reported before the client was diagnosed? >ANSWER: Postmenopausal uterine bleeding A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with erectile dysfunction. Which of the following is a treatment option for this disorder? >ANSWER: Phosphodiesterase- 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor What does the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy for endometrial cancer? >ANSWER: Avoid strenuous exercise and activities for 2 to 6 weeks A nurse is caring for a male client who was recently diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? >ANSWER: Anticholinergic
A client is emotionally upset after the recent diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? >ANSWER: Create an atmosphere that supports acceptance and discussion Based on American Cancer Society recommendations, what does the nurse teach the client about screening for prostate cancer? >ANSWER: Men with multiple first-degree relatives diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age should discuss screening with their health care provider starting at age 40. A client admitted to the unit with coffee-colored urine and edema states he had a terrible sore throat last week. His blood work is elevated and urinalysis reports blood and protein in the urine. What would the nurse anticipate based on these findings? >ANSWER: Acute glomerulonephritis A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Which of the following are possible causes of acute kidney injury due to perfusion issues?
ANSWER: Dehydration A nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril 30 mg PO now. Available is lisinopril 20mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? >ANSWER: 1. A medication order states, administer furosemide 40 mg IV stat. Available is furosemide 100 mg/10 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? ANSWER: 4 A 32-year-old female client presents to the healthcare provider's office with complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods. Which of the following tests does the nurse anticipate being ordered? >ANSWER: Hemoglobin & hematocrit (H&H)
- skin irritation
- dimpling
- breast pain
- nipple pain
- nipple turning inward
- redness
- scaliness
- thickening of the nipple
- unusual discharge
- lump in the armpit (more rare but can present itself as an orange peel) *Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * >ANSWER: upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of a cancer Breast cancer screening & diagnostics >ANSWER: - history
- physical assessment and examination
- mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
- ultrasound
- MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
- Biopsy
- Labs
- Pathology Breast health large breast challenges >ANSWER: - Impaired comfort
- Back pain
- diffculty finding clothing that fits
- expensive bras
- fungal infections under breasts
- redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts. Breast health small breast challenges >ANSWER: - some choose breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding before/after surgery)
- Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive
- some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer Breast Cancer Types >ANSWER: - In situ (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the mammary DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate duct or lobules
- ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is >ANSWER: DCIS: ductal carcinoma is situate Invasive breast cancer is >ANSWER: ILC or IDC
- the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
- most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
Typical side effects of chemotherapy >ANSWER: - hair loss
- nail changes
- mouth sores
- loss of appetite
- N/V
- Diarrhea
- Increase risk of infection
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Fatigue
- Menstrual changes and infertility
- "Chemo brain" Lower risk side effects of chemotherapy >ANSWER: - heart damage
- risk of leukemia -hand foot syndrome (numb, tingling, red, swollen hands & soles)
- Nerve damage Hormone therapy cancer treatment options >ANSWER: - many block estrogen receptors
- SERM: selective estrogen modulators: tamoxifen, toremifene, fulverstrant.
- AI: artomatase inhibitors: prevent production of estrogen: anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane. Breast Cancer Prognosis >ANSWER: - tumor size
- nodal involvement
- tumor differentiation
- estrogen & progesterone receptor status
- HER- 2 Status: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 Survival breast cancer rates >ANSWER: - Localized breast cancer: 99%
- Spread to regional lymph nodes: 85%
- Metastic breast cancer: 27% Benign (non cancer) breast issues: >ANSWER: - Fibroadenoma
- Fibrocystic breast condition Fibroadenoma >ANSWER: - benign but does hold a slightly increase risk for breast cancer
- tumors are oval, freely mobile, rubbery, and vary in size.
- If cystic: will usually be monitored
- If solid: will usually be removed Fibrocystic breast condition >ANSWER: - Not a risk factor for breast cancer
- changes to lobules, ducts, & stromal tissues of the rbeast
- Thought to be caused by an imbalance in normal estrogen/ progesterone ratio
- S/E: pain, tenderness, swelling before menstruation.
- Treatment: diuretics to reduce swelling, analgesics for pain, SERM, oral contraceptives Assessment details >ANSWER: - patient history
- nutrition history
- 3 types: Intramural (in uterine wall), Submucosal(protrudes into the cavity of the uterus can cause bleeding/disrupt pregnancy), Subserosal (protrudes through the other surface, can press against other organs) Uterine Leiomyoma signs and symptoms >ANSWER: - bleeding, pain, symptoms associated with pelvic pressure Uterine Leiomyoma Treatment options >ANSWER: - Non-ivasive: monitor, oral contraceptives (most common treatment), magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery, uterine arter embolization.
- Surgery: laparoscopic myomectomy, hysterectomy Uterine Prolapse >ANSWER: uterine herniation into the vagina Uterine prolapse S/S >ANSWER: - feeling pelvic pressure
- dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
- Stress urinary incontinence
- Urinary elimination issues
- Rectocele (hemorrhoids, constipation, fecal impactation) Uterine Prolapse treatment >ANSWER: - Nothing
- Kegal excercises
- pessary (prosthetic device)
- Surgery: surgical vaginal mesh,
anterior colporrhaphy >posterior colporrhaphy.
anterior colporrhaphy >ANSWER: tightens pelvic muscles for better bladder support, splint abdomen, limit physical activity, weight rest 5lbs, no sex for 6 weeks. posterior colporrhaphy >ANSWER: reduces rectal bulging, low residue (fiber) diet to decrease bowel movements, avoid straining, sitz baths pain management to aid in fecal elimination. Endometrial Cancer >ANSWER: - Most common gynecologic malignancy
- usually slow growing
- if diagnosed early 95% survival rate S/S of endometrial (uterine) cancer >ANSWER: - abnormal uterine bleeding, especially in post menopausal women
- pain during urination
- pain during intercourse Endometrial cancer diagnostic >ANSWER: -endometrial biopsy: gold standard Treatment for endometrial (uterine) cancer >ANSWER: - Total hysterectomy
- radiation
- chemotherapy
- hormonal therapy Cervical Cancer is known as >ANSWER: "silent killer" generally asymptomatic in early stages
Ovarian Cancer >ANSWER: leading cause of death for reproductive cancers
- epithelial tumors grow on the surface of the ovaries Risk factors for ovarian cancer >ANSWER: - over 40
- personal or family history of ovarian or breast cancer
- diabetes
- Nulliparity (or first child after 30)
- Infertility
- Early menarche/ late menopause
- Endometriosis
- Obesity or high fat diet Ovarian Cancer signs/ symptoms >ANSWER: - mild or vague symptoms: nausea, indigestion, gas
- abdominal pain/ swelling
- Late stage: ascites, pleural effusions, lymphedema, intestinal obstruction, malnutrition Diagnosis of Ovarian cancer: >ANSWER: - dependent on yearly pelvic examinations
- Can use screening tumor marker CA-125 but it is non specific so it could be an indicator or endometriosis, fibroid, or other benign conditions. Toxic shock >ANSWER: overstimulation of immune responses by bacterial exotoxins in the blood (can be caused by tampons)
PCOS >ANSWER: polycystic ovarian syndrome MODULE 2 >ANSWER: MODULE 2 BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) >ANSWER: When a male ages testosterone levels are decreased and normal estrogen levels increase which increases the activity of dihydroxytestosterone leading to cell growth (prostate growth), growth then usually compresses the urethra leading to partial or complete obstruction prostate >ANSWER: it is a walnut shaped gland of the male reproductive system that is responsible for production of the fluid component of semen. It surrounds the urethra at the neck of bladder in front of the rectum (had 2 or more lobes/sections) Occurrence of BPH >ANSWER: Affects approx 50% of men between 51 - 60 years old effects up to 90% of men older than 80 *medications that increase the risk of acute urinary retention in the presence of BPH * >ANSWER: decongestants, antihistamines impact the functioning of the muscles bladder making it difficulty to release the urine BPH risk factors >ANSWER: - age
- obesity
- sedentary life
- alcohol
- erectile dysfunction
- smoking
- diabetes
- 1st degree relative
