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Nur 2488/ Nur2488 Mental Health Nursing |
Questions And Verified Answers With
Rationales| 2023/ 2024 Update| Grade A
Rasmussen
Exam 1
What is the definition of mental health - ANSWER ~ A state of wellbeing in which the individual is able to make contribution to society, realize their potential, cope with life, and work productively. What are attributes of a mentally healthy person - ANSWER ~ Rational thinking, effective coping skills, resiliency, self-control, self-awareness, self-care, meaningful relationships, communication skills, positive self-concept, ability to learn, spiritual satisfaction, happiness and joy. What is the definition of mental illness - ANSWER ~ All mental disorders w/ definable diagnoses. Manifested in significant dysfunction that my be related to developmental, biological, of psychological disturbances in cognition/functioning.
What are some signs/symptoms of mental illness. - ANSWER ~ Impaired cognition, behavioral alterations, and emotional changes like not being able to cope with life stressors. What is epidemiology and what are three levels of study? - ANSWER ~ The quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations.
- Studies of natural history or what happens if there is not treatment
- Studies of Diagnostic screening tests
- Observational and experimental studies of interventions used to treat pt. What is the continuum of mental health? - ANSWER ~ Health and wellbeing=Occasional stress to mild distress. (No impairment) Emotional problems or concerns= Mild to moderate distress (Mild or temporary impairment) Illness= Marked distress (Moderate to disabling or chronic impairment) What are the differences between a basic level nurse and advanced level nurse in psych? - ANSWER ~ Basic level is simply a BSN-RN that is certified to work in a hospital. An advanced level has their masters or doctorate and are qualified to engage in psychotherapy (individual or group), can prescribe, and diagnose depending on the state.
How does culture influence the view of mental illness? - ANSWER ~ Culture can affect what is considered mental health vs mental illness based on what the culture views as acceptable and unacceptable. What mental illnesses are cross-cultural world wide? - ANSWER ~ Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder What is the QSEN and what areas does it promote? - ANSWER ~ They are an organization created to improve safety and education in nursing. They promote: Teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics (the science of processing data for storage and retrieval) Comorbid condition - ANSWER ~ When an individual has more than one mental condition at a time. Electronic healthcare - ANSWER ~ Provision of health care through a non face-to-face medium, rather through an electronic medium.
Incidence - ANSWER ~ The number of new cases of a mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period. (new) Mental health continuum - ANSWER ~ A conceptual line used to represent levels of mental health and mental illness that vary from person to person and vary for a particular person over time. Phenomena of concern for nurses - ANSWER ~ Promotion of optimal health. Impaired ability to function. Alterations in cognition. Potential danger. Emotional stress related to issues. Symptom management, side effects, or toxicities associated with self-administered drugs. Barriers to treatment posed by alcohol/substance abuse/dependence. Dev psych issues. Physical/psychological symptoms connected to psychological status. Ability to maintain meaningful lives. Prevelance - ANSWER ~ The total number of cases of a disease within a population at a given time. (old and new) Psychiatric mental health nursing - ANSWER ~ A specialty area in nursing that promotes mental health through use of the nursing process in the treatment of mental health problems and psychiatric disorders.
Levels of awareness - ANSWER ~ Conscious: material that a person is aware of Preconscious: Material that can be retrieved through conscious effort Unconscious: Repressed memories, passions, and unacceptable urges. Cathartic method - ANSWER ~ Freuds method to deal with conflicts/stresses known to us as getting things off our chest. Ideas of Freud that are important in nursing - ANSWER ~ TrANSWER ~ference: patients trANSWER ~fers feelings they have for a mother onto you. Counter-trANSWER ~ference: how you feel about said patient can affect how you treat them. Importance of attentive listening for cathartics. What is Maslows hierarchy of needs? Top to bottom. - ANSWER ~ Self- trANSWER ~cendence, self actualization (potential), Esteem, Love and belonging needs, safety needs, physiological needs. Eriksons stage infancy-1.5 years? - ANSWER ~ Trust vs mistrust: attachment URC: difficulties relating to people, suspicion, trust/fear conflict.
Eriksons stage preschool-3 years? - ANSWER ~ Autonomy vs shame and doubt: control some of self/enviroment URC: Independence/fear conflict, severe feelings of self-doubt. Eriksons stage early childhood-6 years? - ANSWER ~ Initiative vs guilt: becoming purposeful and directive URC: Aggression/fear conflict, sense of inadequacy and guilt. Eriksons stage school age-12 years? - ANSWER ~ Industry vs inferiority: physical, social, and school skills URC: sense of inferiority, difficulty learning and working. Eriksons stage adolescence-20 years? - ANSWER ~ Identity vs role confusion: TrANSWER ~ition child to adult URC: Confusion about who one is, weak sense of self.
Nursing implications from Sullivan - ANSWER ~ Therapy should educate and assist patients on personal insight. We should provide patient with respect, acceptance, and empathy. What was Pavlovs conditioning theory? - ANSWER ~ That you could bring about an involuntary behavior or reflex through conditioned responses to stimuli. (salivate to the sound of a bell) Peplau's art of nursing - ANSWER ~ Consists of the care, compassion, and advocacy nurses provide to enhance patient comfort and well-being. Peplau's science of nursing - ANSWER ~ Involves the application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human problems and psychosocial phenomena, intervening to relieve patients' suffering and promote growth Peplau key elements - ANSWER ~ Focus should be on what we do WITH patient, illness offers opportunity for learning, personal growth, and improved coping skills (facilitated by the nurse). We should observe, interpret, and intervene, being conscious of self so the focus is on participant.
Patricia Benner - ANSWER ~ Caring is the foundation of nursing. Stresses the importance of coaching and teaching the patient. Along with baring witness to another's pain. Dorothea Orem - ANSWER ~ Goal is to get seriously and persistently mental ill patients to be self-sufficient in their care. Sister Callista Roy - ANSWER ~ Continual need for people to adapt physically, psychologically, and socially Betty Neuman - ANSWER ~ Impact of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the system. Assist patients in discovering and using stress reducing techniques. Joyce Travelbee - ANSWER ~ Meaning in the nurse-patient relationship and the importance of communication. The role of nursing in affirming the suffering of
irrational patterns of thought and challenge them based on rational evidence and thoughts. Modeling - ANSWER ~ Therapist provides a role model for specific identifies behaviors, and the pt learns through imitation of the therapist or of a video. Systematic desensitization - ANSWER ~ Another form of behavior modification therapy that involves the development of behavior tasks customized to the pt's specific fears Aversion therapy - ANSWER ~ Used widely to treat behaviors. Present a negative stimuli along with the addicted stimuli to reduce urge. Put a vomiting agent into an alcoholics drink so they think vomit with alcohol. Automatic thoughts - ANSWER ~ Rapid unthinking responses based on schemas. Particularly frequent and intense in depression and anxiety.
Cognitive distortions - ANSWER ~ Irrational thoughts that lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations. "Unless I get straight A's I'm a failure" Behavior therapy - ANSWER ~ A treatment method that is concerned with patterns of behavior rather than inner motivations. Maladaptive responses are replaced with adaptive responses. Biofeedback - ANSWER ~ A technique for gaining conscious control over unconscious body functions, such as BP and HR. Feedback obtained by sensitive instruments can provide information on body function, and individuals can learn to monitor and control responses (anxiety/stress) Conditioning - ANSWER ~ Involves pairing a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminishes that behavior Defense mechanisms - ANSWER ~ Usually unconscious intrapsychic processes used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings. Can be used in a healthy or a not-so-healthy manner.
Short-term therapy - ANSWER ~ interpersonal psychotherapy Milieu therapy - ANSWER ~ A psychiatric philosophy that involves a secure environment to effect positive change. (including people, setting, structure, and emotional climate) Characteristics of Dopamine - ANSWER ~ Monoamine that involves fine muscle movement, emotions, thoughts, decision making, and the hypothalamus. ↓ Depression ↑ Mania, schizophrenia Characteristics of Norepinephrine - ANSWER ~ Monoamine that effects mood, attention, arousal, and fight or flight. ↓ Depression ↑ Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
Characteristics of Serotonin (5-HT) - ANSWER ~ Monamine involved in sleep, hunger, pain perception, hormonal activity, aggression, and sexual arousal. ↓ Depression ↑ Anxiety Characteristics of GABA - ANSWER ~ Amino Acid involved in inhibition (self- conscious), ↓aggression, excitation, and anxiety. Is an anticonvulsant, muscle relaxer, and may impair cognition/psychomotor. ↓ Anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, huntingtons ↑ Reduction in anxiety Characteristics of acetycholine - ANSWER ~ Cholinergic involved in learning, memory, mood, mania, sexual aggressions, stimulation of fight or flight. ↓ Alzheimers, huntingtons, parkinsons ↑ Depression Benzodiazepines neurotrANSWER ~mitter - ANSWER ~ Increases concentration of GABA. Buspirone's neurotrANSWER ~mitter - ANSWER ~ Partial agonist ↓ serotonin and affinity to dopamine. Can cause dizziness and insomnia
Agonist - ANSWER ~ Mimics the effect of a neurotrANSWER ~mitter. It can open the channel at the receptor even though it is not the same neurotrANSWER ~mitter. Anticonvulsants NeurotrANSWER ~mitter - ANSWER ~ ↓ Glutimate ↑ GABA 1st generation antipsychotic neurotrANSWER ~mitters - ANSWER ~ ↓dopamine, histamine, acetycholine, norepinephrine 2nd generation antipsychotic neurotrANSWER ~mitters - ANSWER ~ ↓ dopamine and serotonin 3rd generation antipsychotic neurotrANSWER ~mitters - ANSWER ~ dopamine stabilizer/partial agonist
Special instructions for MAOI - ANSWER ~ Increases concentration of all monoamines, including tryamine which is present in foods. Can result in build up in the liver causing vasoconstriction, HTN, and toxicity. Patient needs list of foods and medications to avoid. Anxiety treated with - ANSWER ~ Benzodiazepine Insomnia treated with - ANSWER ~ Benzodiazepine and Z-hypnotics Bipolar treated with - ANSWER ~ Lithium, anticonvulsants Schizophrenia treated with - ANSWER ~ 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation antipsychotics ADHD treated with - ANSWER ~ Methyphenidate, dextroamphetamine
