Download NUR 246 EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025-2026 | GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NUR 246 EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025-
2026 | GRADED A+
what is primary health care a philosophy or approach to providing care that incorporates equity, access, social justice and the social model of health rural
- presence of medical officer 24 hours healthcare facility with inpatient capabilities remote
- absence of medical officer health centres open during office hours with on call service after hours rural and remote area challenges
- distance
- geographical obstructions
- poor health status
- climate
- rugged environment
- low socioeconomic status cross cultural environments
- higher indigenous populations
- populations other than anglo-saxon backgrounds
- migrants and refugees
- other cultures rural area nursing
- have regional centres serving a wide area
- health services are limited compared to urban centres
- specialist surgery and maternity services are often limited
- provide emergency, rehab and primary healthcare services depending on the presence or absence of other health care professionals remote area nursing
- scope is determined by the lack of other healthcare professionals
- telehealth services
- FIFO physiotherapists, optometrists, psychologists)
- few inpatient facilities, health centres are open with on call backup
characteristics of remote area and rural nursing
- lack of boundaries between home and work
- frequently on call
- high levels of traumatic events
- cross cultural environments rewards of rural and remote area nursing
- provision of good healthcare
- location
- member of a small team community
- short daily travel to work
- challenging
- satisfying
- community relationships factors affecting the interviewing and assessment skills
- physical setting
- nurse behaviour
- types of questions asked
- how questions are asked
- personality and behaviour of both patient and nurse how should the physical setting of the interview process look
- private
- quiet
- comfortable room without distractions
- openness and honesty
- place 4-5 feet between patient and nurse disadvantages to note taking
- breaks eye contact
- shifts attention away from patient
- interrupts flow three phases of the interview
- introduction
- discussion
- summary
- expressing value judgement
- interrupting while patient is talking
- having authorition demeanour
- asking why questions the nursing process
- assessment
- planning
- implementation
- review care plans can be
- assessments
- goals
- interventions
- expected outcomes stages of change
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- maintenance
- relapse 5 A's model
- assess
- advice
- assist
- agree
- arrange motivational interviewing
- another strategy used to encourage behavioural change to improve health status, particularly to persuade clients to engage with recommended treatments and reduce lifestyle risk factors two types of motivational interviewing
- intrinsic motivation
- extrinsic motivation
preparation for the day of the visit
- plan route
- check care fuel
- check weather
- phone battery
- park safely
- equipment in boot during the visit
- prepare to show ID
- identify others in the home
- check layout of the house
- locate closes exit
- infection control acculturation lifelong process of incorporating cultural or social aspects of the context in which a person grows, lives, works and ages
why does culture matter in health care
- stereotyping
- ethnocentrism
- transcultural nursing cultural competence / cultural safety
- ability to understand, appreciate and work effectively with individuals from cultures other than your own
- develop understanding that prevents misunderstanding between nurses cultural / social factors affecting health and healthcare
- complementary / alternative healing and indigenous health
- spirituality and religion
- communication styles family roles and relationships vary
- valuing interdependence over independence
- who makes treatment decisions
- need for support for consent
- level of care provided by family members
reservoirs are environments that support the microorganism to live outside the host until they are able to colonise within the host main portal of entry of pathogens
- skin by trauma
- membrane lining of the respiratory tract
- GIT
- genitourinary tract transmission mechanisms
- contact
- inhalation
- inoculation
- ingestion
- transplacental inflammatory response
- vascular response
- cellular response
- formation of exudate
- healing local symptoms of infection
- redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function types of inflammation
- acute
- sub acute
- chronic nursing management of inflammation
- prevention of infection, trauma and exposure to harmful agents, particularly in periop situations
central venous access devices
- CVAD provides access to the central circulation
- tip positioned in the lower third of the SVC
- position confirmed on chest x ray PICC
- long catheter inserted in the antecubital fossa
- total length is 50-60cm
- inserted commonly by a nurse trained in PICC insertion insulin deficiency either insufficient or no release of insulin by the islets of langerhans insulin resistance ineffective response to insulin at the target cells
risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes
- obesity
- increased BMI
- pre-diabetes
- metabolic syndrom
- physical inactivity
- unhealthy diet
- smoking
- genetic factors type 1 diabetes Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. type 2 diabetes Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production.
endocrine system abnormalities
- skin ulceration
- changes in muscular strength or muscle mass
- changes in weight
- altered glucose levels
- polyuria
- polydipsia acute complications of diabetes
- hypoglycaemia
- diabetic ketacidosis
- hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state chronic complications of diabetes hyperglycaemia causes:
- microvascular disease
- microvascular disease
- neuropathy
- stroke
- kidney infections
- peripheral neuropathy
- peripheral vascular disease chronic complications angiopathy
- damage to blood vessels secondary to chronic hyperglycaemia
- leading cause of diabetes related death
- macrovascular and microvascular
- tight glucose control can prevent or minimise complications chronic complications of macrovascular angiopathy
- cerebrovascular disease
- cardiovascular disease
- peripheral vascular disease
- thickening of vessel membranes in capillaries and arterioles
- retinopathy
- neuropathy
- dermopathy
- appears 10-20yrs after diagnosis
