NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 2 2024 GRADE A
ASSURED
Hypocalcemia s/s - Answer; - serum level below 9
- painful muscle spasms in calf/foot during rest or sleep
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
- parethesias, tingling, numbness
- WEAK THREADY HEART RATE that may be slower or faster than normal
Hypocalcemia causes - Answer; - inadequate oral intake of calcium and Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- malabsorption syndrome (Chrohn's disease)
- lactose intolerance
- ESKD
Hypocalcemia treatment - Answer; - oral or IV calcium supplements
- seizure precautions
- Vitamin D to help with the absorption of calcium from the GI tract
Hypercalcemia s/s - Answer; - serum level higher than 10.5
- severe muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes
- confusion
- lethargy
- INCREASED HR & BP
- severe prolonged - electrical conduction depression
- cyanosis, pallor
- blood clots
Hypercalcemia causes - Answer; - excessive oral intake of calcium and Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- use of thiazide diuretics
Hypercalcemia treatment - Answer; - D/C thiazide diuretics and replace with diuretics
that enhance excretion of calcium (lasix/furosemide)
- administer IV fluids (0.9% NS)
- sodium increases kidney excretion of calcium
Hypokalemia s/s - Answer; - serum level less than 3.5
- THREADY, WEAK, IRREGULAR PULSE
- orthostatic hypotension
- lethargy
- skeletal muscle weakness
- CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
Hypokalemia causes - Answer; - Excessive use of diuretics, digitalis, corticosteroids
- diarrhea & vomiting
- kidney disease
