Download NUR 2392 / NUR2392: Multidimensional Care II / MDC 2 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
th?: normal nt
NUR 2392 / NUR2392: Multidimensional Care II /
MDC 2 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers (2024 /
2025) (Verified Answers)
- What are the stages of cell growth in cancer development?: 1. Initiation
- Promotion
- Progression
- Metastasis
- What happens during Initiation phase during cancer cell grow cells become damaged and leads to development of cancer (Maligna tion) this is irreversible
- What happens during the promotion stage during cancer cell growth?: -
re- peat exposure to carcinogen enhances cell growth which leads to mutation -enhanced cell growth of cells by promotors (like hormones primarily estrogen) -period between initiation and growth into a tumor is called a latency period
- What happens during the progression stage of cancer cell growth?: - An increase in the production of malignant cells -after a tumor reach 1 cm, it already has 1 billion cells -when it builds its own blood supply it becomes a health problem
- What happens during the Metastasis stage of cancer cell growth?: - move- ment of cells from the primary site and establishing remote colonies
- Malignant vs. Benign: Malignant -Anaplasia-loss of appearance of parent cell
-No migration -Orderly growth -Euploidy: Normal chromosomes per cell
- Which cancers arise from blood?: Leukemias
- Which cancers affect the lymph?: Lymphomas 9. Which cancers originate in the epithelial cells and are likely to metastasize?- : Carcinomas
- Which cancers originate in the soft tissues like bone, muscles, blood vessels, and connecting tissues?: Sarcomas
- Signs & Symptoms of cancer: C-change in bowel or bladder habits A-a sore that does not heal U-unusual bleeding or discharge T-Thickening or lump in breast/elsewhere I-indigestion or
- primary prevention of cancer: smoking cessation vaccinations removal of at-risk tissue use of sunscreen using PPE in workplace reducing alcohol modifying diet chemoprevention
- secondary prevention: cancer screenings (mammogram, colonoscopy) genetic testing
- Risk factors of cancer: -smoking -consuming carcinogens: flavorings, red meats, nitrites, diets low in fiber
-poor immunity -radiation -hormone drugs -alcohol
Chemo Radiation Surgery
- Prophylactic Surgery: removal of suspected cancerous tissue Ex: removing a benign polyp from the colon before it can develop
- Diagnostic Surgery: Biopsy/removal of all or part of a suspected lesion for examination and testing to confirm or rule out a cancer dx
- Curative Surgery: removes all cancer tissue Ex: lobectomy
- Palliative Surgery: focuses on providing symptom relief and improving quality of life but is not curative
- PT Teaching for post-surgical cancer patients: -nutritional support -discharge teaching
-radiation is preferred over chemotherapy -stress importance of performing exercises to regain as much function as possible and prevent complications reinforcing the importance of early mobility, pain management, and prevention of infection---(pneumonia-use incentive spirometer)
- Radiation Dose vs. Radiation Exposure: Radiation dose: amount of radiation absorbed by the tissue Radiation Exposure: amount of radiation delivered Radiation dose is always less than the exposure because some energy is lost as it travels to the destination
- Side Effects of Radiation: -radiation dermatitis -hair loss
-altered sense of taste -bone marrow suppression -radiation burns
- Radiation Teaching: -no abrasive cleaning -pat dry and use mild soap -avoid direct sun exposure -do not wash off marks that physicians make to identify place of radiation -wear soft clothing over the skin at the radiation site 29. What cancer treatment is the most common cause of neutropenia: - Chemotherapy
- Teaching for PT enduring Chemo: -stay away from sick people -stay out of crowds -wash hands frequently
etal stent -ensure family of chemo PT practices the same protocol
- Classifications of Oncological Emergencies: Metabolic Structural Hematological
- Metabolic Oncological Emergencies: SIADH Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone -water is reabsorbed in excess by kidneys and put into systemic circulation. The retained water dilutes blood Na levels causing hyponatremia.
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome: -can happen after first treatment -occurs when a large number of cancer cells are destroyed rapidly causing large amounts of K into the blood faster than the body can eliminate.
cells and the rapid
release of their intracellular contents into the bloodstream faster than the body can eliminate them.
- What is the difference between Hospice and Palliative care? What are the goals for each?: Hospice is indicated for PT with <6 months to live who have exhausted treatment options or chosen not to continue them. Palliative care educates PTs about treatment options, nutritional support, spiritual support, comfort measures, but does not help with financial support.
- What would be a routine order for a dehydrated patient?: Isotonic IV solution
- S/S Dehydration: flattened neck veins, poor skin turgo, thirst, increased RR, tachycardia, fever, lethargy
- Labs during dehydration: hemoconcentration: increased BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, >CBC, > urine osmolarity
en- courage compliance to diuretics
- Lab values for Na: 136-145 mol/L
- causes of hyponatremia: SIADH, diuretics, kidney failure, diarrhea, excessive fluid loss, low-sodium diet
- S/S Hypernatremia: thirst, dry mucous membranes, fluid retention, tachycardia , restlessness, lethargy
- Lab values for Calcium: 9.0-10.
- Causes of Hypercalcemia: diet, diuretics, immobility
- Why would thyroid surgery cause changes in calcium levels?: During thy- roid removal surgery, the parathyroid glands are often damaged causing hypocal- cemia as the parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels
- Causes of hypocalcemia: Vitamin D deficiency-causes calcium to not be
ab- sorbed in GI, thyroid surgery
- Lab values for K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
