


























































Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
NUR 2291 NUR2291 Advanced Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Prep| Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Q&A | Instant Download
Typology: Exams
1 / 66
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
DKA leads to potassium shifts from intracellular to extracellular space, causing hyperkalemia despite total body potassium depletion.
C) Respiratory acidosis D) Metabolic acidosis COPD causes CO2 retention leading to respiratory acidosis due to impaired ventilation. 11.What is the primary goal of treatment for a patient with sepsis? A) Reduce fever B) Early identification and aggressive antibiotic therapy C) Maintain strict bed rest D) Restrict fluid intake Early recognition and rapid administration of antibiotics reduces mortality in sepsis. 12.A patient with pancreatitis complains of severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. What is the best nursing action? A) Administer opioid analgesics as prescribed B) Apply heat to the abdomen C) Encourage oral intake D) Place patient in supine position Pain from pancreatitis is severe and opioid analgesics are necessary; heat and oral intake may worsen symptoms.
Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure due to lung disease, presenting with jugular venous distention and edema. 16.What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? A) Viral infection B) Hyperlipidemia C) Gallstones and alcohol abuse D) Trauma Gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct and alcohol abuse are the leading causes of acute pancreatitis. 17.A patient with ulcerative colitis is experiencing a severe exacerbation. What is the priority nursing intervention? A) Encourage high fiber diet B) Monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance C) Administer laxatives D) Provide bowel rest and initiate IV fluids Severe UC exacerbations require bowel rest and fluid replacement to prevent complications. 18.Which electrolyte imbalance is a concern in patients with Addison’s disease? A) Hypernatremia
B) Hypokalemia C) Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia D) Hypercalcemia Addison’s disease causes aldosterone deficiency, resulting in sodium loss and potassium retention. 19.A patient with chronic liver failure develops hepatic encephalopathy. Which nursing action is appropriate? A) Restrict protein intake B) Administer lactulose as prescribed C) Monitor for hypoglycemia D) All of the above Managing encephalopathy includes protein restriction, lactulose to reduce ammonia, and monitoring blood sugar. 20.Which medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism? A) Levothyroxine B) Methimazole C) Prednisone D) Radioactive iodine Methimazole inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and is a primary treatment for hyperthyroidism.
IV benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment for rapid seizure control in status epilepticus. 24.Which clinical manifestation is consistent with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism? A) Weight loss B) Heat intolerance C) Bradycardia and cold intolerance D) Diarrhea Hypothyroidism slows metabolism causing cold intolerance, bradycardia, and weight gain. 25.What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with a chest tube following thoracic surgery? A) Encourage coughing and deep breathing B) Maintain suction and monitor for air leaks C) Ensure chest tube drainage system is below chest level D) Change the dressing daily Keeping the drainage system below chest level prevents backflow of fluid into the pleural space. 26.Which lab value indicates effective treatment in a patient with chronic anemia?
A) Elevated white blood cell count B) Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels C) Decreased platelet count D) Elevated blood glucose Hemoglobin and hematocrit are direct measures of anemia improvement. 27.A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen therapy. What is the safest oxygen delivery method? A) Non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min B) Nasal cannula at 2 L/min C) Venturi mask at 60% D) Face tent at 10 L/min Low flow oxygen ( 1 - 2 L/min) via nasal cannula is safer in COPD patients to avoid suppressing hypoxic drive. 28.Which clinical sign is indicative of a pulmonary embolism? A) Bradycardia B) Lower leg swelling C) Sudden onset dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain D) Abdominal distention Sudden shortness of breath with chest pain is classic for pulmonary embolism.
32.A patient with pneumonia is at risk for respiratory acidosis. Which arterial blood gas finding confirms this? A) pH 7.45, PaCO2 35 mmHg B) pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg C) pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg D) pH 7.50, PaCO2 20 mmHg Low pH with elevated PaCO2 indicates respiratory acidosis. 33.Which symptom is most characteristic of hyperglycemia? A) Diaphoresis B) Tremors C) Polyuria and polydipsia D) Confusion High blood glucose causes excessive urination and thirst as the body attempts to excrete glucose. 34.A patient with anemia is prescribed iron supplements. What is the best teaching point? A) Take with milk B) Take on an empty stomach with vitamin C C) Expect dark stools D) Avoid vitamin C intake
Iron can cause dark stools; taking it with vitamin C improves absorption, but milk inhibits it. 35.Which is the best indicator of nutritional status in a hospitalized patient? A) Serum glucose B) Serum sodium C) Serum albumin D) Blood urea nitrogen Serum albumin reflects protein status and is commonly used to assess nutrition. 36.Which assessment finding suggests worsening heart failure? A) Clear lung sounds B) Weight loss C) Increased peripheral edema and dyspnea D) Bradycardia Fluid retention causes edema and worsening shortness of breath in heart failure. 37.A patient with an ileostomy reports skin irritation around the stoma. What is the best nursing action? A) Apply steroid cream B) Change the pouch less frequently C) Ensure proper pouch fit and clean skin thoroughly D) Use alcohol to clean the area
B) Anxiety C) Myasthenic crisis due to insufficient medication D) Infection Myasthenic crisis results from inadequate anticholinesterase medication leading to muscle weakness. 41.Which clinical manifestation is common in patients with hypothyroidism? A) Diarrhea B) Constipation C) Heat intolerance D) Tachycardia Hypothyroidism slows metabolism causing constipation and cold intolerance. 42.What is the primary nursing focus for a patient with acute pancreatitis? A) Encouraging oral intake B) Administering laxatives C) Pain management and fluid balance D) Monitoring for hyperglycemia Pain control and fluid/electrolyte management are priorities in acute pancreatitis care. 43.A patient with a history of asthma develops sudden wheezing and respiratory distress. Which medication should be administered first?
A) Oral corticosteroids B) Leukotriene modifiers C) Short-acting beta-agonist inhaler (albuterol) D) Long-acting beta-agonist inhaler Short-acting beta-agonists provide rapid bronchodilation during acute asthma exacerbations. 44.Which of the following is a contraindication for MRI? A) Pacemaker B) Metal implants C) Both A and B D) History of claustrophobia MRI is contraindicated in patients with pacemakers or certain metal implants due to magnetic interference. 45.What is the most appropriate nursing action for a patient with a suspected stroke? A) Administer aspirin immediately B) Place patient in Trendelenburg position C) Perform a rapid neurological assessment and notify the provider D) Encourage oral fluids Rapid neuro assessment and prompt notification are critical to stroke management.
Hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity risk, so both potassium and digoxin levels must be monitored. 49.Which is an early sign of hypoxia? A) Cyanosis B) Bradycardia C) Restlessness and agitation D) Hypotension Restlessness and agitation are early neurological signs of low oxygen levels. 50.What is the primary purpose of a pulmonary artery catheter? A) Measure blood glucose B) Assess cardiac output and hemodynamic status C) Deliver medications D) Monitor intracranial pressure Pulmonary artery catheters provide direct measurement of cardiac function and pressures. 51.Which of the following is a priority nursing action when caring for a patient with a chest tube? A) Clamp the chest tube frequently B) Strip the tubing to remove clots
C) Monitor for continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber D) Keep the drainage system above the chest level Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber may indicate an air leak that requires immediate attention to prevent pneumothorax. 52.A patient with cirrhosis has ascites and is receiving spironolactone. What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most concerned about? A) Hypokalemia B) Hypernatremia C) Hyperkalemia D) Hypocalcemia Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia, especially in patients with impaired renal function. 53.Which clinical sign is typical of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome? A) Lower extremity edema B) Facial swelling and distended neck veins C) Abdominal pain D) Bradycardia SVC syndrome results from obstruction of venous return causing swelling of the face, neck, and upper extremities.