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NUR 215 EXAM 1 SUMMER-FALL 2024
ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING (Modules
What is a nurse? Nurses are highly trained, well educated, caring, and competent. Why is nursing considered a profession?
- Standard education
- Knowledge to role
- Selfless concern for others
- Code of ethics
- Autonomy, Accountability, Responsibility
- Professional organizations Name 6 skills a nurse must have
- Critical thinking skills
- Communication skills
- Organizational skills
- Leadership skills
- Advocacy
- Technical skills What are the 4 basic principles of nursing?
- Advocacy
- Responsibility
- Accountability
- Confidentiality What are the 6 ethical principles of nursing?
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Fidelity
- Justice
- Non-Maleficence
- Veracity Autonomy the right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their healthcare provider trying to influence the decision Beneficence addresses the idea that a nurse's actions should promote good Fidelity nurse's must be faithful to the promises they made as professionals to provide quality care Justice being impartial and fair
What is the "Military" nursing image? battlefield, uniform, straightedge What is the "Handmaden" nursing image? assist physician at all costs Who is Florence Nightingale? Founder of modern nursing; she transformed the image of nursing from "Battle Ax" to nurses as a professional. What is the nursing process? Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation (ADPIE) What is the "A" in the nursing process? Assessment - gather information and review the patients history What is the "D" in the nursing process?
Diagnose - identify problem list What is the "P" in the nursing process? Plan - develop SMART goals, desired outcomes, and action plans What is the "I" in the nursing process? Implementation - perform nursing actions What is the "E" in the nursing process? Evaluate - were desired outcomes and goals achieved? Name the 5 tiers of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Top) Self-Actualization (least important) Self-Esteem Love & Belonging Safety Needs Physiological Needs (most important) (Bottom) What are SMART goals? Specific Measurable
What is tertiary prevention? the focus on stopping disease from progressing or returning to support optimal functioning AFTER an injury or illness. What are 3 examples of tertiary prevention?
- rehabilitation
- promoting independence after a TBI
- preventing pressure ulcers after a spinal cord injury What is Healthy People 2020? promote health and prevent disease nationally; collaborative effort among local government, professional organizations, and individuals. What is health? Varies among individuals; not having illness Name 5 factors that can influence ones experience of health.
- Biological factors (family hx of breast cancer)
- Nutrition
- Physical Activity
- Sleep and rest
- Personal Relationships
List 4 "at-risk" populations for Healthy People 2020.
- Poor
- Elderly
- Ethnic minorities
- Economically disadvantaged What is self-concept? one's overall view of oneself Name 5 personal evaluations within self-concept.
- Physical appearance
- Sexual Performance
- Intellectual Abilities
- Success in the Workplace
- Friendship and approval from others How does self-concept impact the patient's health and wellness? A person with a healthy self-concept has a mostly positive perception of self evaluations. What is an infection? Invasion of and multiplication in the body by a pathogen. What are the 6 chains of infection?
What are the 2 'Modes of Transmission'? Direct and indirect; Contact, Droplet, Airborne What is direct transmission? Name 2 examples. Person to person;
- sex
- contact with an open wound What is indirect transmission? Name 2 examples. Person to object;
- stethoscope
- keyboard Name 5 routes a 'Portal of Entry' may be. ANY opening!!!
- IV lines
- Breathing tubes
- Bug bites
- Skin/Mucous Membranes
- Respiratory What is a 'Susceptible Host'? Person with inadequate defenses.
Name 5 examples of a 'Susceptible Hosts'.
- Very young
- Very old
- Chemotherapy patients
- Organ transplant patients
- Chronic illness patients Define Native Immunity Restricts entry of immediately responds to foreign organism. Define Passive Immunity Antibodies; Temporary immunity; Intact skin-1st line of defense; Inflammatory response. Define Specific Adaptive Immunity Antibodies in response to a foreign organism. Define Active Immunity Antibodies in response to an antigen; Permanent immunity; B & T lymphocytes; Specific Antibodies. What are 6 primary defenses?
- Normal flora
- Respiratory
Define Passive Natural Immunity MATERNAL Antibodies passed from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk. Define Passive Artificial Immunity ANTIBODY TRANSFER Immunoglobulins are administered to an individual after they have been exposed to a pathogen. What are the 5 stages of infection? Incubation Prodromal Illness Decline Convalescence What is the 'Incubation' stage in the stages of infection? Period of when pathogen enters host and the presentation of symptoms. (The person does not know they are infected, but can infect others) What is the 'Prodromal' stage in the stages of infection? Onset of general symptoms to distinct symptoms. Pathogen is multiplying.
What is the 'Illness' stage of the stages of infection? Symptoms specific to the infection occur. Immune defenses and medical treatments occur during this stage. If unsuccessful, it can result in death. What is the 'Decline' stage in the stages of infection? Patient's immune defenses and treatment successful in reducing pathogens. What is the 'Convalescence' stage in the stages of infection? Acute symptoms disappear. Pathogens continue to reduce until none are left, resulting in recovery. What is a localized infection and what are 4 symptoms we may see? Infection is in one region of the body.
- Redness
- Warmth
- Swelling
- Pain/Loss of sensation What is a systemic infection and what are 4 symptoms we may see? Pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body.
- Fever
- Malaise
- Decreased BP
- Increased HR
- ESR (>20)
- CRP (>3)
- (+) Culture Result What are Standard Precautions?
- Applies to ALL patients
- Applies to ALL bodily fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes
- Hand Hygiene vs. Gel
- Masks, face shields, and/or gowns when splashing of bodily fluids possible
- Clean gloves worn when touching anything that can contaminate the nurse
- Moisture resistant bag for soiled items
- Proper sharps disposal Name 3 diseases you might place a patient on 'Contact Precautions' for.
- MRSA
- VRE
- RSV What disease do you place a patient on 'Special Contact Precautions' for? CDIFF - MUST wash hands with soap and water. What do you wear in a 'Contact' room? Gown and gloves
Name 3 infections you might place a patient on 'Droplet Precautions' for.
- Influenza
- Mumps
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis What do you wear in a 'Droplet' room? Surgical mask Name 3 infections you might place a patient on 'Airborne Precautions' for.
- Tuberculosis
- Measles
- Shingles What do you wear in an 'Airborne' room? N95 respirator (MUST be fit tested to be effective) Why would you place a patient on 'Protective Precautions' or 'Neutropenic Precautions'? To protect patients who are immunocompromised. What is the first thing you do if you get poked with a needle? Wash the area with soap and water.
