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Hemodynamics & Normal Ranges: Test Questions and Solutions, Exams of Nursing

Aims Community CollegeNursing

A comprehensive set of test questions and answers related to hemodynamics and normal hemodynamic ranges, focusing on key parameters such as pulmonary artery pressures, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance. It covers essential concepts and normal ranges for various hemodynamic measurements, including pulmonary artery systolic pressure (pas), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (pad), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (pawp), cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance (svr). The material is designed to test and reinforce understanding of hemodynamic monitoring principles and their clinical applications, making it a valuable resource for students and healthcare professionals in cardiology and critical care. It also addresses practical aspects such as transducer placement and potential complications of central lines, enhancing its utility for clinical practice.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/08/2025

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NUR 2016: HEMODYNAMICS & HEMODYNAMICS NORMAL RANGES: TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1) What is pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Pressure in the
pulmonary artery during systole (contraction)
2) What is a normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS) range? -- Answer โœ”โœ”
20-30 mmHg
3) What is pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Pressure in the
pulmonary artery during diastole (rest)
4) What is a normal pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 8-15
mmHg
5) What is pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Indirectly
reflects left atrium function and left ventricular filling pressure.
6) What is a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 4-12
mmHg
7) Considerations for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ”
Balloon inflation port is inflated intermittently to measure PAWP, balloon should be
left deflated and locked when not in use.
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NUR 2016: HEMODYNAMICS & HEMODYNAMICS NORMAL RANGES: TEST

QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

  1. What is pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Pressure in the pulmonary artery during systole (contraction)
  2. What is a normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS) range? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 20 - 30 mmHg
  3. What is pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Pressure in the pulmonary artery during diastole (rest)
  4. What is a normal pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 8 - 15 mmHg
  5. What is pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Indirectly reflects left atrium function and left ventricular filling pressure.
  6. What is a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 4 - 12 mmHg
  7. Considerations for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Balloon inflation port is inflated intermittently to measure PAWP, balloon should be left deflated and locked when not in use.
  1. How are pulmonary pressures measured? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Via pulmonary artery catheter
  2. On a pulmonary artery catheter, the proximal lumen is used to... -- Answer โœ”โœ” Measure CVP, infuse IV fluids, obtain labs
  3. On a pulmonary artery catheter, the distal lumen is used to... -- Answer โœ”โœ” Measure pulmonary artery pressures (paps)
  4. What is hemodynamic monitoring? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Use of invasive catheters that provide information about blood volume, perfusion, fluid status, and cardiac function.
  5. What is the goal of hemodynamic monitoring? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Ensure adequate tissue perfusion. Guides our interventions and evaluates the effectiveness of our interventions.
  6. What do hemodynamic monitoring systems include? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Pressure transducer, pressure tubing, monitor, pressure bag and flush device
  7. What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” The pressure the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood into circulation. (The resistance in the circulatory system creates blood pressure and the flow of blood)
  8. How is SVR measured? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Flotrac
  9. What is a Flotrac? -- Answer โœ”โœ” monitoring system that attaches to arterial line. (Gives additional info like CO, SV,MAP, and SVR)
  1. What must you ALWAYS compare your monitor values against? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Physical assessment
  2. What is cardiac output? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute. Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
  3. What is a normal cardiac output range? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 4 - 8 L/min
  4. What is cardiac index? -- Answer โœ”โœ” cardiac output divided by body surface area
  5. What is a normal cardiac index range? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 2.4-4 L/min/m
  6. What is the mean arterial pressure? -- Answer โœ”โœ” average pressure in the arteries, indicates how well the organs are being perfused.
  7. What is the normal mean arterial pressure (MAP) range? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 70 - 90 mmHg
  8. What is stroke volume? -- Answer โœ”โœ” the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
  9. What is the normal range for stroke volume? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 50 - 100 mL/beat
  10. Central Venous Pressure (CVP) is also called... -- Answer โœ”โœ” Right atrial pressure (RAP)
  11. What is central venous pressure (CVP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” A measurement of pressure within the right atrium, indicates fluid status
  1. How is CVP measured? -- Answer โœ”โœ” With a central line or pulmonary artery catheter
  2. What is a normal central venous pressure (CVP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 2 - 6 mmHg for healthy patients, 10-12 mmHg for sick patients
  3. A central venous pressure less than 2 indicates fluid volume _____. -- Answer โœ”โœ” Deficit
  4. A central venous pressure greater than 6 indicates fluid volume _____. -- Answer โœ”โœ” Overload
  5. What should be assessed if someone has an arterial line? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Capillary refill, temperature, skin color, distal pulses, s/s infection,
  6. True or false: Arterial lines are used for IV fluid administration. -- Answer โœ”โœ” False
  7. In what veins are central lines placed? -- Answer โœ”โœ” IJ, femoral, subclavian, brachial
  8. What is cardiac output? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute measured by cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
  9. What is the normal range of cardiac output? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 4 - 8 L/min
  10. What is cardiac index? -- Answer โœ”โœ” cardiac output divided by body surface area
  11. What is normal range for cardiac index? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 2.4-4.0 L/min/m
  1. What is pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Left sided preload
  2. What is a normal range for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 4 - 12 mmHg
  3. What is systemic vascular resistance? -- Answer โœ”โœ” resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
  4. What is the range for systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 800 - 1200 dynes. sec. cm- 5