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NUR 134 Pain Test 1 Questions And Correct Answers
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pain a subjective, personal, complex experience, protective mechanism of the body
McCaffery's definition of pain "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever the experiencing person says it does"
transduction this is the exciting of pain receptors
transmission the pain sensation, in electrical impulses are conducted along pathways
perception a sensory process occurring when a stimulus for pain is present
modulation the process by which a sensation of pain is inhibited or otherwise modified
neuromodulator morphinelike chemical regulators in the spinal cord & brain analgesic activity- alters perception of pain: endorphins
analgesia inability to feel pain
analgesic drug painkillers
Gate Control Theory Theory that spinal cord controls which pain impulses reach the brain small nerve fibers: conduct, large nerve fibers: inhibit, gate: open/closes to limit amount of info getting through, brain: adds past experiences to influence gate
pain threshold lowest intensity of a stimulus to which the recipient recognizes pain
pain tolerance the amount of pain a person is willing to bear/can tolerate
remission when the disease is still present but the patent is not experiencing any symptoms
exacerbation when symptoms (pain) reappears or worsens dependance the body becomes physiologically accustomed to long-term opioid therapy and has withdrawl symptoms if opioids are suddenly removed tolerance when the body becomes accustomed to opioid use and requires a larger dose to feel relief from pain
referred pain referred pain originates from one part of the body but is perceived/felt in another part distant from the origin (common with tumors, neck, shoulder, heart attack/myocardial infarction) Therapeutic classification of etiology of pain neuropathic, nociceptive, intractable, psychogenic neuropathic pain caused by lesion or disease that disrupts function of CNS or PNS(phantom pain, tingling, stabbing) nociceptive pain damage to body tissue, muscle pain, dental pain intractable pain pain resistant to pain relief methods psychogenic pain pain caused by psychological factors rather than physiological types of pain responses behavioral, physiologic, affective behavioral pain response voluntary- moving away from pain stimulus, grimacing, moaning, guarding, restlessness physiologic pain response involuntary- increased BP/R/HR, pupil dilation, muscle tension, pallor, increase adrenaline affective pain response psychological- exaggerated weeping, anxiety, depression, fear, anger, powerlessness factors that effect pain response age, culture/ethnic values, past pain pain in the elderly
multiple chronic illnesses, polypharmacy, decreased renal/GI/liver function, metabolism and weight subjective pain data LIQTAA: location, intensity, quality, timing, aggravating factors, alleviating factors
words to describe quality of pain sharp (stabbing), dull (less intense), diffuse (large area, not localized), shifting, sore, stinging, throbbing, cramping, etc
words to describe intensity of pain severe, excruciating, moderate, mild
words to describe timing of pain duration (continuous, intermittent, brief), onset (times of day, start, end, most intense)
pain intensity assessment scales types numeric, Wong-Baker, NVPS, CNPI, PAINAD, FLACC
NVPS Non-Verbal Pain Scale
CNPI Checklist of Non-verbal Pain Indicators
PAINAD Pain Assessment IN Advanced Dementia
FLACC
PCA
patient controlled analgesic
