Download NUR 1211 MEDICAL SURGICAL FINAL EXAM |2025-2026|250Qs&As WITH RATIONALES|GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NUR 1211 MEDICAL SURGICAL FINAL EXAM |2025-
2026|250Qs&As WITH RATIONALES|GRADED A+
A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. The nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS at the point when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold? A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood When CD4+ T-cell levels drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, the person is said to have AIDS. A nurse is planning a patients care and is relating it to normal immune response. During what stage of the immune response should the nurse know that antibodies or cytotoxic T cells combine and destroy the invading microbes? A) Recognition stage B) Proliferation stage C) Response stage D) Effector stage D) Effector stage In the effector stage, either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and couples with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.
A nurse is planning the assessment of a patient who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The nurse should be aware that the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is known to be higher among what group? A) Young adults B) Native Americans C) Women D) Hispanics C) Women Many autoimmune diseases have a higher incidence in females than in males, a phenomenon believed to be correlated with sex hormones. Middle-aged adults are part of an age group that is known to be interested in health and health promotion, and the nurse is planning health promotion activities accordingly. To what suggestions do members of this age group usually respond with enthusiasm? Select all that apply. A) How lifestyle practices can improve health B) How to eat healthier C) How exercise can improve your life D) Strategies for adhering to prescribed therapy E) Exercise for the aging A) How lifestyle practices can improve health B) How to eat healthier
not following the instructions she received upon discharge from the hospital last month. What is the most likely factor causing the patient not to adhere to her therapeutic regimen? A) Ethnic background of health care provider B) Costs of the prescribed regimen C) Presence of a learning disability D) Personality of the physician B) Costs of the prescribed regimen Variables that appear to influence the degree of adherence to a prescribed therapeutic regimen include gender, race, education, illness, complexity of the regimen, and the cost of treatments. A gerontologic nurse has observed that patients often fail to adhere to a therapeutic regimen. What strategy should the nurse adopt to best assist an older adult in adhering to a therapeutic regimen involving wound care? A) Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice. B) Provide a detailed pamphlet on a dressing change. C) Verbally instruct the patient how to change a dressing and check for comprehension. D) Delegate the dressing change to a trusted family member. A) Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice.
The nurse must consider that older adults may have deficits in the ability to draw inferences, apply information, or understand major teaching points. Demonstration and practice are essential in meeting their learning needs. A 20-year-old man newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes needs to learn how to self-administer insulin. When planning the appropriate educational interventions and considering variables that will affect his learning, the nurse should prioritize which of the following factors? A) Patients expected lifespan B) Patients gender C) Patients occupation D) Patients culture D) Patients culture One of the major variables that influences a patients readiness to learn is the patients culture, because it affects how a person learns and what information is learned. The nurse is planning to teach a 75-year-old patient with coronary artery disease about administering her prescribed antiplatelet medication. How can the nurse best enhance the patients ability to learn? A) Provide links to Web sites that contain evidence-based information. B) Exclude family members from the session to prevent distraction. C) Use color-coded materials that are succinct and engaging.
fellow students. What project most clearly demonstrates the principles of health- promotion teaching? A) Demonstrating an injection technique to a patient for anticoagulant therapy B) Explaining the side effects of a medication to an adult patient C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STI) to a group of high school students D) Instructing an adolescent patient about safe and nutritious food preparation C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STI) to a group of high school students Health promotion encourages people to live a healthy lifestyle and to achieve a high level of wellness. Discussing the importance of STI prevention to a group of high school students is the best example of a health-promotion teaching project. This proactive intervention is a more precise example of health promotion than the other cited examples. Health promotion ranks high on the list of health-related concerns of the American public. Based on current knowledge, what factor should the nurse prioritize in an effort to promote health, longevity, and weight control in patients? A) Good nutrition B) Stress reduction C) Use of vitamins D)Screening for health risks
A) Good nutrition It has been suggested that good nutrition is the single most significant factor in determining health status, longevity, and weight control. A balanced diet that uses few artificial ingredients and is low in fat, caffeine, and sodium constitutes a healthy diet. The nursing profession and nurses as individuals have a responsibility to promote activities that foster well-being. What factor has most influenced nurses abilities to play this vital role? A) Nurses are seen as nurturing professionals. B) Nurses possess a baccalaureate degree as the entry to practice. C) Nurses possess an authentic desire to help others. D) Nurses have long-established credibility with the public. D) Nurses have long-established credibility with the public. Nurses, by virtue of their expertise in health and health care and their long- established credibility with consumers, play a vital role in health promotion. The nurse is teaching a local community group about the importance of disease prevention. Why is the nurse justified in emphasizing disease prevention as a component of health promotion? A) Prevention is emphasized as the link between personal behavior and health. B) Most Americans die of preventable causes.
A) Citing the evidence that underlies each of your teaching points B) Alleviating the patients guilt associated with not knowing appropriate self- care C) Determining the patients readiness to learn new information D) Including your nursing colleagues in the planning process C) Determining the patients readiness to learn new information Assessment in the teachinglearning process is directed toward the systematic collection of data about the person and familys learning needs and readiness to learn. Patient readiness is critical to accepting and integrating new information. Unless the patient is ready to accept new information, patient teaching will be ineffective. A public health nurse is preparing to hold a series of health-promotion classes for middle-aged adults that will address a variety of topics. Which site would best meet the learning needs of this population? A) A well-respected physicians office B) A large, local workplace C) The local hospital D) An ambulatory clinic B) A large, local workplace The workplace has become a center for health-promotion activity. Health- promotion programs can generally be offered almost anywhere in the
community, but the workplace is often more convenient for the adult, working population. This makes this option preferable to a hospital, doctors office, or ambulatory clinic. A nurse has been studying research that examines the association between stress levels and negative health outcomes. Which relationship should underlie the educational interventions that the nurse chooses to teach? A) Stress impairs sleep patterns. B) Stress decreases immune function. C) Stress increases weight. D) Stress decreases concentration. B) Stress decreases immune function. Studies have shown the negative effects of stress on health and a cause-and- effect relationship between stress and infectious diseases, traumatic injuries (e.g., motor vehicle crashes), and some chronic illnesses. A public health nurse understands that health promotion should continue across the lifespan. When planning health promotion initiatives, when in the lifespan should health promotion begin? A) Adolescence B) School age C) Preschool
A) A blood pressure clinic at a local factory B) A family planning clinic at a community center C) An immunization clinic at the largest local mall D) A workplace safety seminar B) A family planning clinic at a community center Health promotion may be defined as those activities that assist people in developing resources that maintain or enhance well-being and improve their quality of life. You are the oncoming nurse and you have just taken end-of-shift report on your patients. One of your patients newly diagnosed with diabetes was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which behavior best demonstrates this patients willingness to learn? A) The patient requests a visit from the hospitals diabetic educator. B) The patient sets aside a dessert brought in by a family member. C) The patient wants a family member to meet with the dietician to discuss meals. D) The patient readily allows the nurse to measure his blood glucose level. A) The patient requests a visit from the hospitals diabetic educator. Emotional readiness also affects the motivation to learn. A person who has not accepted an existing illness or the threat of illness is not motivated to learn.
A nurse is planning an educational event for a local group of citizens who live with a variety of physical and cognitive disabilities. What variable should the nurse prioritize when planning this event? A) Health-promotion needs of the group. B) Relationships between participants and caregivers. C) Wellness state of each individual D) Learning needs of caregivers A) Health-promotion needs of the group. The nurse must be aware of the participants specific health-promotion needs when teaching specific groups of people with physical and mental disabilities. A public health nurse is planning educational interventions that are based on Beckers Health Belief Model. When identifying the variables that affect local residents health promotion behaviors, what question should the nurse seek to answer? A) Do residents believe that they have ready access to health promotion resources? B) Why have previous attempts at health promotion failed? C) How much funding is available for health promotion in the community? D) Who is available to provide health promotion education in the local area? A) Do residents believe that they have ready access to health promotion resources?
C) Improved sensory function D) Improved overall muscle strength E) Increased blood sugar levels A) Decreased cholesterol levels B) Delayed degenerative changes D) Improved overall muscle strength Clinicians and researchers who have examined the relationship between health and physical fitness have found that a regular exercise program can promote health in the following ways: by decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; delaying degenerative changes, such as osteoporosis; and improving flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance. An occupational health nurse is in the planning stages of a new health promotion campaign in the workplace. When appraising the potential benefits of the program, the nurse should consider that success depends primarily on what quality in the participants? A) Desire to expand knowledge B) Self-awareness C) Adequate time- and task-management D) Taking responsibility for oneself D) Taking responsibility for oneself
Taking responsibility for oneself is the key to successful health promotion, superseding the importance of desire to learn information, self-awareness, or time-management. A public health nurse is assessing the nutritional awareness of a group of women who are participating in a prenatal health class. What outcome would most clearly demonstrate that the women possess nutritional awareness? A) The women demonstrate an understanding of the importance of a healthy diet. B) The women are able to describe the importance of vitamin supplements during pregnancy. C) The women can list the minerals nutrients that should be consumed daily. D) The women can interpret the nutrition facts listed on food packaging. A) The women demonstrate an understanding of the importance of a healthy diet. Nutritional awareness involves an understanding of the importance of a healthy diet that supplies all of the essential nutrients. A nurse has planned a teachinglearning interaction that is aimed at middle school-aged students. To foster successful health education, the nurses planning should prioritize which of the following components? A) Pretesting B) Social and cultural patterns
B) To evaluate the treatment of students current health problems C) To identify the presence of infectious diseases D) To detect health problems at an early age so they can be treated promptly D) To detect health problems at an early age so they can be treated promptly The goal of health screening in the adolescent population has been to detect health problems at an early age so that they can be treated at this time. A nurse recognizes that individuals of different ages have specific health promotion needs. When planning to promote health among young adults, what subject is most likely to meet this demographic groups learning needs? A) Family planning B) Management of risky behaviors C) Physical fitness D) Relationship skills training A) Family planning Because of the nationwide emphasis on health during the reproductive years, young adults actively seek programs that address prenatal health, parenting, family planning, and womens health issues. A community health nurse has been asked to participate in a health fair that is being sponsored by the local senior center. The nurse should select educational focuses in the knowledge that older adults benefit most from what kind of activities?
A) Those that help them eat well B) Those that help them maintain independence C) Those that preserve their social interactions D) Those that promote financial stability B) Those that help them maintain independence Although their chronic illnesses and disabilities cannot be eliminated, the elderly can benefit most from activities that help them maintain independence and achieve an optimal level of health. A recent nursing graduate is aware that the nursing scope of practice goes far beyond what is characterized as bedside care. Which of the following is a nurses primary responsibility? A) To promote activities that enhance community cohesion B) To encourage individuals self-awareness C) To promote activities that foster well-being D) To influence individuals social interactions C) To promote activities that foster well-being As health care professionals, nurses have a responsibility to promote activities that foster well-being, self-actualization, and personal fulfillment.
