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NUR 114 Perfusion Test Questions and Answers: Cardiovascular System, Exams of Nursing

Parkland CollegeNursing

A series of multiple-choice questions and answers focused on perfusion and the cardiovascular system, ideal for nursing students. the questions cover various aspects of hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, diabetes-related skin conditions, ruptured spleen, cardiac cycle pathways, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, cardiac catheterization, raynaud's disease, and kidney failure. each question is followed by a verified answer and a brief explanation, enhancing understanding of key concepts.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/24/2025

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Lectjoshua 🇺🇸

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NUR 114 perfusion test questions with
correct answers
A |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |hypertension. |Which |assessment |finding |most |significantly |indicates
|that |a |client |is |hypertensive?
1. |Tachycardia
2. |Extended |Korotkoff |sound
3. |Sustained |systolic |pressure |ranging |from |110 |to |120 |mm |Hg
4. |Diastolic |blood |pressure |that |remains |higher |than |90 |mm |Hg |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-4
R: |A |sustained |diastolic |pressure |that |exceeds |90 |mm
While |the |nurse |moves |a |client |from |a |lying |to |standing |position, |the |client |experiences |a |rapid |drop |
in |blood |pressure. |The |nurse |would |report |this |finding |as |what?
1. |Malignant |hypotension
2. |Orthostatic |dehydration
3. |Orthostatic |hypotension
4. |Vasomotor |instability |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-3
Orthostatic |hypotension |specifically |refers |to |an |abnormally |low |blood |pressure |that |occurs |when |an |
individual |assumes |a |standing |position. |Orthostatic |hypotension |is |also |known |as |postural |
hypotension. |It |may |be |a |result |of |internal |bleeding, |fluid |depletion, |or |loss |of |neurovascular |control |
preventing |vasoconstriction |from |regulating |blood |pressure.
A |client |with |type |1 |diabetes |asks |what |causes |the |several |brown |spots |on |the |skin. |What |would |be |
the |best |response |by |the |nurse?
1. |"The |brown |spots |reflect |the |accumulation |of |blood |fats |in |the |skin; |they |should |disappear."
2. |"Those |spots |indicate |a |high |glucose |content |in |the |skin |that |may |get |infected |if |left |untreated."
"3. |They |are |the |result |of |diseased |small |vessels |in |the |shins |and |may |spread |if |not |treated |soon."
4. |"Those |brown |spots |result |from |small |blood |vessel |damage; |the |blood |contains |iron, |which |leaves |
a |brown |spot." |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-4
"Those |brown |spots |result |from |small |blood |vessel |damage; |the |blood |contains |iron, |which |leaves |a |
brown |spot" |is |an |accurate |explanation |for |the |client's |concern; |brown |spots |are |caused |by |the |
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NUR 114 perfusion test questions with

correct answers

A |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |hypertension. |Which |assessment |finding |most |significantly |indicates |that |a |client |is |hypertensive?

  1. |Tachycardia
  2. |Extended |Korotkoff |sound
  3. |Sustained |systolic |pressure |ranging |from | 110 |to | 120 |mm |Hg
  4. |Diastolic |blood |pressure |that |remains |higher |than | 90 |mm |Hg |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- R: |A |sustained |diastolic |pressure |that |exceeds | 90 |mm While |the |nurse |moves |a |client |from |a |lying |to |standing |position, |the |client |experiences |a |rapid |drop | in |blood |pressure. |The |nurse |would |report |this |finding |as |what?
  5. |Malignant |hypotension
  6. |Orthostatic |dehydration
  7. |Orthostatic |hypotension
  8. |Vasomotor |instability |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Orthostatic |hypotension |specifically |refers |to |an |abnormally |low |blood |pressure |that |occurs |when |an | individual |assumes |a |standing |position. |Orthostatic |hypotension |is |also |known |as |postural | hypotension. |It |may |be |a |result |of |internal |bleeding, |fluid |depletion, |or |loss |of |neurovascular |control | preventing |vasoconstriction |from |regulating |blood |pressure. A |client |with |type | 1 |diabetes |asks |what |causes |the |several |brown |spots |on |the |skin. |What |would |be | the |best |response |by |the |nurse?
  9. |"The |brown |spots |reflect |the |accumulation |of |blood |fats |in |the |skin; |they |should |disappear."
  10. |"Those |spots |indicate |a |high |glucose |content |in |the |skin |that |may |get |infected |if |left |untreated." "3. |They |are |the |result |of |diseased |small |vessels |in |the |shins |and |may |spread |if |not |treated |soon."
  11. |"Those |brown |spots |result |from |small |blood |vessel |damage; |the |blood |contains |iron, |which |leaves | a |brown |spot." |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- "Those |brown |spots |result |from |small |blood |vessel |damage; |the |blood |contains |iron, |which |leaves |a | brown |spot" |is |an |accurate |explanation |for |the |client's |concern; |brown |spots |are |caused |by |the |

deposit |of |hemosiderin |in |the |tissue. |Brown |spots |reflecting |the |accumulation |of |blood |fats |in |the | skin |and |disappearing |is |the |definition |of |a |xanthoma A |client |is |admitted |with |a |diagnosis |of |a |ruptured |spleen. |The |client's |blood |pressure |is |100/60 |mm | Hg. |What |should |the |nurse |assess |in |the |client |as |an |early |sign |of |decreased |arterial |pressure? 1 |Weak |radial |pulses 2 |Warm, |flushed |skin 3 |Lethargy |with |confusion 4 |Increased |pulse |pressure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Hypovolemia |occurs |with |decreased |cardiac |output; |the |resulting |decreased |arterial |pressure |is | reflected |in |weak, |thready |peripheral |pulses. |The |skin |will |be |cool |and |pale |because |of | vasoconstriction. |Lethargy |with |confusion |will |occur |later |as |a |result |of |hypovolemic |shock. |The |pulse | pressure |will |be |decreased, |not |increased, |with |decreased |cardiac |output |associated |with | hypovolemic |shock. A |nurse |is |teaching |a |client |about |the |normal |pathway |followed |during |the |cardiac |cycle. |In |which | sequence |should |the |nurse |list |the |structures, |beginning |with |the |first? 1.Bundle |of |His 2.Purkinje |fibers 3.Atrioventricular |node | 4.Bundle |branches 5.Sinoatrial |node |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-5,3,1,4, SA |node |-> |AV |node |-> |Bundle |of |His |-> |Bundle |Branches |-> |Purkinjie |fibers A |nurse |is |monitoring |a |client |admitted |with |a |diagnosis |of |myocardial |infarction |(MI) |for | dysrhythmias. |Which |reason |for |increased |incidence |of |dysrhythmias |in |this |client |should |the |nurse | monitor?

  1. |Metabolic |alkalosis
  2. |Myocardial |hypoxia
  3. |Decreased |catecholamine |secretion
  4. |Increased |parasympathetic |nervous |system |stimulation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-2. |

4 |Right |ventricular |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Right |ventricular |heart |failure |causes |increased |pressure |in |the |systemic |venous |system, |which |leads | to |a |fluid |shift |into |the |interstitial |spaces. |Because |of |gravity, |the |lower |extremities |are |first |affected | in |an |ambulatory |client. A |client |is |admitted |to |the |hospital |with |a |long |history |of |hypertension. |The |nurse |should |assess |the | client |for |which |complication? 1 |Cataracts 2 |Esophagitis 3 |Kidney |failure 4 |Diabetes |mellitus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-3. |kidney |failure | R: |Some |renal |impairment |usually |is |present |even |with |mild |hypertension |and |is |attributed |to |the | ischemia |resulting |from |narrowed |renal |blood |vessels |and |increased |intravascular |pressure; |decreased |blood |flow |causes |atrophy |of |renal |structures, |such |as |tubules, |glomeruli, |and |nephrons, |leading |to | kidney |failure. |Retinopathy, |resulting |in |blurred |vision, |retinal |hemorrhage, |and |blindness, |occurs |with |a |long |history |of |hypertension |because |of |increased |intravascular |pressure, |not |cataracts. A |nurse |is |assessing |a |client's |ECG |reading. |The |client's |atrial |and |ventricular |heart |rates |are |equal |at | 88 |beats |per |min. |The |PR |interval |is |0.14 |seconds, |and |the |QRS |width |is |0.10 |seconds. |Rhythm |is | regular |with |normal |P |waves |and |QRS |complexes. |How |will |the |nurse |interpret |this |rhythm?

  1. |Normal |sinus |rhythm
  2. |Sinus |tachycardia
  3. |Sinus |bradycardia
  4. |Sinus |arrhythmia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. Normal |sinus |rhythm |reflects |normal |conduction |of |the |sinus |impulse |through |the |atria |and | ventricles. |Atrial |and |ventricular |rates |are |the |same |and |range |from | 60 |to | 100 |beats |per |minute. | Rhythm |is |regular |or |essentially |regular. |PR |interval |is |0.12 |to |0.20 |seconds. |QRS |interval |is |0.04 |to | 0.10 |seconds. |P |and |QRS |waves |are |consistent |in |shape. |Sinus |tachycardia |results |when |the |sinoatrial | (SA) |node |fires |faster |than | 100 |beats |per |minute. A |client's |blood |pressure |increases |dramatically |six |hours |after |a |femoral-popliteal |bypass |graft. |Which |priority |concern |motivates |the |nurse |to |inform |the |primary |healthcare |provider?

1 |Hypertension |may |cause |the |graft |to |occlude. 2 |Hypervolemia |may |be |the |cause |of |the |hypertension. 3 |Extremely |high |blood |pressure |may |cause |a |brain |attack. 4 |Rapidly |increasing |blood |pressure |may |rupture |the |graft. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- R: |The |client |is |hypertensive, |and |the |intraarterial |pressure |is |increased; |this |increased |pressure |may | cause |the |arterial |suture |line |to |rupture. The |nurse |encourages |a |client |with |Raynaud |disease |to |stop |smoking. |Which |primary |goal |is |the | nurse |trying |to |achieve?

  1. |Prevent |pain |and |tingling
  2. |Prevent |cyanosis |and |necrosis
  3. |Prevent |peripheral |vasoconstriction
  4. |Prevent |excessive |blood |oxygen |content |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Nicotine |causes |spasms |and |constriction |of |the |smooth |muscles |of |the |arterial |vasculature, | compromising |blood |flow |to |the |distal |extremities. |Nicotine |does |not |directly |cause |pain |and |tingling, | although |these |may |occur |as |consequences |of |nicotine-induced |vasoconstriction. |Vasoconstriction | from |nicotine |will |not |result |in |such |severe |effects |as |cyanosis |and |necrosis. A |client |is |experiencing |hypovolemic |shock |with |decreased |tissue |perfusion. |Which |information |should |the |nurse |consider |when |planning |care?
  5. |The |body |initially |attempts |to |compensate |by |releasing |more |red |blood |cells.
  6. |The |body |initially |attempts |to |compensate |by |maintaining |peripheral |vasoconstriction.
  7. |The |body |initially |attempts |to |compensate |by |decreasing |mineralocorticoid |production.
  8. |The |body |initially |attempts |to |compensate |by |producing |less |antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH). |- | VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- With |shock, |arteriolar |vasoconstriction |occurs, |raising |the |total |peripheral |vascular |resistance |and | shifting |blood |to |the |major |organs. |Although |producing |more |red |blood |cells |is |a |response |to |hypoxia, |peripheral |vasoconstriction |is |a |more |effective |compensatory |mechanism. The |nurse |is |assessing |a |client |with |the |diagnosis |of |left |ventricular |failure. |Which |assessment |finding | does |the |nurse |expect |to |identify? 1 |Crushing |chest |pain

The |client |who |has |the |highest |risk |for |cardiovascular |disease |is |the |man |who |smokes |and |whose | father |died |at | 49 |years |of |age |of |MI. |Smoking |is |a |major |risk |factor |for |MI, |and |family |history |is |a | stronger |risk |factor |than |hypertension, |obesity, |diabetes, |or |sudden |cardiac |death. Which |of |these |factors |contribute |to |the |risk |for |cardiovascular |disease? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Elevated |C-reactive |protein |levels Factors |that |contribute |to |the |risk |for |cardiovascular |disease |include |elevated |C-reactive |protein |levels |and |smoking. |Elevation |in |C-reactive |protein, |suggestive |of |inflammation, |is |a |risk |factor |for | atherosclerosis |and |cardiac |disease. The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |an |arterial |line. |How |does |the |nurse |recognize |that |the |client |is | at |risk |for |insufficient |perfusion |of |body |organs? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Mean |arterial |pressure | (MAP) |is | 58 |mm |Hg. To |maintain |tissue |perfusion |to |vital |organs, |the |MAP |must |be |at |least | 60 |mm |Hg. |An |MAP |of | between | 60 |and | 70 |mm |Hg |is |necessary |to |maintain |perfusion |of |major |body |organs |such |as |the | kidneys |and |brain.An |arterial |line |will |not |measure |atrial |pressure, |PAWP, |or |oxygenation. |Normal | right |atrial |pressure |is | 1 |to | 8 |mm |Hg. |Normal |PAWP |is | 4 |to | 12 |mm |Hg. |A |normal |PO2 |is |greater |than | 75 |mm |Hg A |72-year-old |client |admitted |with |fatigue |and |dyspnea |has |elevated |levels |of |all |of |these |laboratory | results. |Which |finding |is |consistent |with |acute |coronary |syndrome |(ACS) |and |must |be |communicated | immediately |to |the |primary |health |care |provider? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Serum |troponin |I |level Elevation |in |serum |troponin |levels |is |associated |with |acute |myocardial |injury |and |indicates |a |need |for |immediate |interventions |such |as |angioplasty, |anticoagulant |administration, |or |administration |of | fibrinolytic |medications. The |nurse |is |educating |a |group |of |women |about |the |differences |in |symptoms |of |myocardial |infarction |(MI) |in |men |versus |those |in |women. |Which |information |would |be |included? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔- Women |may |experience |extreme |fatigue |and |dizziness |as |sole |symptoms R: |The |differences |in |symptoms |of |MI |in |men |versus |women |are |that |women |may |experience | extreme |fatigue |and |dizziness |as |sole |symptoms. |Women |may |have |atypical |symptoms, |including |

absence |of |chest |pain. |Women |often |present |with |a |"triad" |of |symptoms. |In |addition |to |indigestion | or |a |feeling |of |abdominal |fullness, |chronic |fatigue |despite |adequate |rest |and |feeling |an |inability |to |"catch |the |breath" |(dyspnea) |are |also |common |in |heart |disease. |The |client |may |also |describe |the | sensation |as |aching, |choking, |strangling, |tingling, |squeezing, |constricting, |or |vise-like.Men |do |report | chest |pain. |Women |have |higher |mortality |from |MI |than |men. |Because |of |differences |in |symptoms, | denial |may |occur |more |often |in |women. A |client |has |been |admitted |to |the |hospital |with |chest |pain |radiating |down |the |left |arm. |The |pain |has | been |unrelieved |by |rest |and |antacids. |Which |test |result |best |confirms |that |the |client |sustained |a | myocardial |infarction |(MI)? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Troponin |of |5.2 |ng/mL |(5.2 |mcg/L) he |test |results |that |best |confirm |that |this |client |sustained |a |MI |is |a |troponin |of |5.2 |ng/mL |(5. |mcg/L). |The |presence |of |elevated |troponin |indicates |myocardial |damage. |Normal |troponin |would |be | less |than |0.03 |ng/mL |(0.03 |mcg/L).A |C-reactive |protein |level |lower |than | 1 |mg/dL |(10 |mg/L) |is |optimal | for |identifying |inflammation |and |risk |for |heart |disease. |A |homocysteine |level |lower |than | 12 |mcmol/L | is |optimal, |but |elevation |indicates |risk, |not |myocardial |damage. |CK |totals |must |be |broken |down |into | isoenzyme |MB |to |evaluate |for |heart |damage. |Elevations |in |the |CK |total |may |be |caused |by |stroke |or | skeletal |muscle |damage. The |nurse |in |a |coronary |care |unit |interprets |information |from |hemodynamic |monitoring. |The |client | has |a |cardiac |output |of |2.4 |L/min. |Which |action |would |be |taken |by |he |nurse? |- |VERIFIED | ANSWER✔✔-Collaborate |with |the |primary |health |care |provider |to |administer |a |positive |inotropic | agent. A |positive |inotropic |agent |will |increase |the |force |of |contraction |(stroke |volume |[SV]), |thus |increasing | cardiac |output |(CO). |Recall |that |SV |× |HR |= |CO |(heart |rate |[HR]). |Normal |cardiac |output |is | 4 |to | 7 |L/min.No |intervention |is |needed |because |this |is |a |normal |reading. Chief |complaint: |chest |pain, |pain |started |late |last |night |from |a |very |stressful |day. |pain |was |relieved | with |sitting |followed |by |indigestion. |The |next |morning |chest |discomfort |retuned |and |was |more | intense |by |dressing |for |work. | What |could |the |patient |most |likely |be |expereiincing? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Angina A |patient |presented |to |the |E.D |with |complaint |of |pressure |in |the |chest |with |vital |signs |of |B/P: |146/ |(HTN), |Apical |pulse | 120 |(tachycardia) |R/R |32, |(tachypnea) |and |Spo2 |92% |(dropping) |. |HE |appears |to | be |anxious |and |pale |with |warm |& |dry |skin. |What |is |automatically |assumed |and |treated |for |until |ruled |out |for |this |patient? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-a |Myocardial |Infarction |