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Nur 110 Final Exam LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE ALL CHAPTER1-CHPAPTER 23 Chapter 1 - Development of the profession Know: how does nursing gain power, difference between, RN, LPN, CAN. Trait vs power vs process vs education.
1. Identify the most important element in nursing’s attempt to gain full autonomy of practice. A) (^) Economic exploitation of nurses B) Maintaining the education system for nurses as it is now C) (^) Gaining and maintaining control of nursing practice by nurses D) (^) Restricting the latitude of decisions made by nurses 2. In its attempt to gain freedom and independence, what corresponding factors must the nursing profession embrace? A) (^) Health and happiness B) (^) Chaos and disorder C) (^) Loss of control and negative feedback D) (^) Responsibility and accountability 3. Select the most effective method that nurses can use to gain power over their practice. A) (^) Use strikes and union tactics to increase pay. B) (^) Join professional organizations in large numbers. C) (^) Leave nursing as soon as better jobs come along. D) (^) Confront hospital administrators about poor staffing. 4. Which of the following types of nurses are classified as technical nurses? A) (^) BSNs and MSNs B) (^) LPNs and ADNs C) (^) LVNs and BSNs D) (^) UAPs and BSNs 5. Identify the approach that describes a profession as being in a continual state of development along a continuum. A) (^) Trait approach B) (^) Power approach C) (^) Process approach D) (^) Educational approach Historical Perspective Chapt II Know: who is Hippocrates, William henry, Loretta ford, Isabelle Robb, Anne
Goodrich. Know what the effect of increased population is.
1. Who is called the “father of modern medicine”? A) (^) William Harvey B) (^) Hippocrates C) (^) Cyrus the Great D) (^) Emperor Darius 2. For which contribution to professional nursing is Isabel Adams Hampton Robb most noted?
B) (^) Input and stimuli C) (^) Output and behavioral responses D) (^) Focal and contextual
5. In the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing, the second-level assessment modes are most closely related to which part of the system? A) (^) Input B) (^) Output C) (^) Ventral system D) (^) Feedback loop 6. What belief forms the basis for the Orem Self-Care Model? A) (^) The nurse helps the client adapt to his or her illness. B) (^) The primary goal of health care is cure of the client. C) (^) Health care is the responsibility of each individual. D) (^) Health-care goals must be established for each client. 7. Identify the primary goal of nursing in the Orem Self-Care Model. A) (^) Reestablish the absolute state of health the client had before his or her illness. B) (^) Help the client conduct self-care activities to reach the highest level of functioning. C) (^) Prevent further injury to the client’s biosystems. D) Help balance technological care with humanistic aspects of care. 8. What aspect of Watson’s Model of Human Caring distinguishes it from most other nursing models? A) (^) Understanding health as a dynamic state rather than a static goal B) (^) Viewing nursing as a process to help clients achieve their greatest potential rather than as a curing profession C) (^) Use of a philosophical approach rather than a systems theory approach D) (^) Defining environment as both internal and external rather than just external 9. Identify the most important aspect of caring according to Watson’s Model of Human Caring. A) (^) Assisting the client to adapt to health changes B) (^) Assessing the client’s health-care needs C) (^) Identifying self-care problems and needs D) (^) Establishing a helping and trusting relationship 10. How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory? A) (^) Open systems B) (^) Closed systems C) (^) Subsystems D) (^) Macrosystems Nursing Organization-Chapt V Know: purpose of licensure, difference between license, registration, certification. 1. What is the primary goal for establishing licensure of nurses? A) (^) Guarantee high-quality nurses. B) (^) Increase tax revenues for the state. C) (^) Set a minimum level of competency to protect the public. D) (^) Maintain high numbers of nurses in the profession.
2. Which term is used to identify the listing of names of individuals on an official roster when they have met certain pre-established criteria? A) (^) Certification B) (^) Licensure C) (^) Registration D) (^) Practitioner 3. Identify the primary function of permissive licensure. A) (^) Protects only the title “Registered Nurse” B) (^) Allows anyone to use the title “Registered Nurse” C) (^) Used by states to maintain quality and control over nurses D) (^) Allows institutions to use foreign nurses as RNs 4. What type of credentialing indicates that an individual has achieved a high level of expertise and knowledge in an area of practice? A) (^) Licensure B) (^) Certification C) (^) Professionalism D) (^) Registration 5. What is the primary form of RN licensure currently used in the United States? A) (^) Optional B) (^) Compulsory C) (^) Customary D) (^) Traditional 6. Select the most serious problem encountered when institutional licensure is used. A) (^) The standards are too difficult for most nurses to meet. B) (^) It makes moving from one institution to another more difficult. C) (^) Many qualified individuals are excluded from the profession. D) (^) There are no external controls to determine a minimum level of ability. Ethics and Nursing - Chapter VI Difference between morals, ethics, value and law. Egoism, utilitarian, deontological, jurisdictional. 1. What is best described as the concepts, ideals, behaviors, and significant themes that give meaning to a person’s life? A) (^) Morals B) (^) Values C) (^) Laws D) (^) Ethics 2. What are rules of conduct that protect the social fabric? A) (^) Morals B) (^) Values C) (^) Laws D) (^3) .Ethics 3. What term is best defined as standards of right and wrong that often are based on religious beliefs? A) (^) Morals
5. What ethical principles are sometimes overlooked in attempting to identify and report suspected child abuse? A) (^) Best interest and nonmaleficence B) (^) Privacy and self-determination C) (^) Paternalism and beneficence D) (^) Veracity and obligation 6. Upon what ethical principle do supporters of assisted suicide base their support for the practice? A) (^) Beneficence includes acts that will help to permanently end a client’s suffering. B) (^) The health-care provider is permitted to use paternalism when the client is unsure about the best course of treatment. C) (^) Only by allowing the client to decide among all possible options will the principle of informed consent be fulfilled. D) The right to self-determination includes the decision to end one’s life. 7. Identify the nursing action that is most important for nurses to ensure when assisting in genetic screening procedures such as amniocentesis. A) (^) Informed consent is given freely by the client. B) (^) The client understands the nature of the procedure. C) (^) The client understands the type of information that will be produced by the procedure. D) (^) The confidentiality of the information will be maintained. 8. Identify the outcome that best demonstrates a critical care nurse’s successful application of the ethical principle of veracity to the care of a client who was diagnosed with late stage pancreatic cancer. A) (^) The client is aware of his or her diagnosis despite attempts of the family to withhold that information. B) (^) The client is beginning to be able to use simple words to express his or her needs. C) (^) The family has been taught the necessary skills to care for the client at home with the supervision of a home health-care nurse. D) (^) There is no evidence of skin breakdown on bony pressure points, and the client’s shoulder and hip on the affected side remain intact. Nursing law and liability-Chapter VIII Assault and battery, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, liable, slander, fraud, malpractice 1. Which type of tort may occur if a client is not allowed to leave the hospital after receiving emergency care until the bill is paid? A) (^) Assault B) (^) Battery C) (^) Invasion of privacy D) (^) False imprisonment 2. A nurse tells several friends and coworkers that a client, who is also a physician, is unsafe for medical practice because he is paralyzed from the waist down and acts “slightly silly.” What type of tort does the nurse’s action represent? A) (^) Libel B) (^) Fraud
C) (^) Slander D) (^) Malpractice
3. What is the best definition of assault as a tort? A) (^) Application of force to another person without lawful justification B) (^) Threats to do bodily harm to the person or another person C) (^) A legal wrong committed by one person against the property of another D) (^) A legal wrong committed against the public and punishable by law 4. Identify the best description of battery from the standpoint of civil law. A) (^) Doing something that a reasonable person with the same education or preparation would not do B) (^) A legal wrong committed by one person against the property of another C) (^) Application of force to the person or another person without lawful justification or permission D) (^) Maligning the character of an individual while threatening to do bodily harm 5. What is another term that can be used for professional negligence? A) (^) Crime B) (^) Consent C) (^) Misdemeanor D) (^) Malpractice 6. In which situation might the tort of invasion of privacy most likely exist? A) (^) Notifying the police of Mr. Jones’s gunshot wound B) (^) Discussing Mrs. Green’s surgery in the hospital cafeteria C) (^) Calling the police concerning an obvious child abuse case D) (^) Notifying the public health department concerning Mr. Smith’s diagnosis of gonorrhea NCLEX-Chap IX Understand each step of the nursing process. Test taking strategies. 1. How is the nursing process treated by the NCLEX-CAT, RN? A) It is a five-step process that involves assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. B) (^) It is a four-step process that involves assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. C) (^) It is unimportant, and no questions are asked about it. D) (^) It is the most important part of the examination. 2. Identify the question stem that best indicates that an “Evaluation” category question is being asked. A) (^) Which of these actions should the nurse perform first? B) (^) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client makes which statement? C) (^) Identify the data that are most important to obtain for a client with cardiac disease. D) (^) Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? 3. Identify the question stem that best indicates that an “Assessment” category question is being asked. A) (^) Which action should the nurse perform first? B) (^) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client
B) (^) Each member of the group respects all of the other members as unique and valuable. C) (^) The members of the group must carry out decisions made by the leader without question. D) (^) The leader must be methodical and able to sift through complicated information.
3. A leader who is paternalistic and attempts to include the group’s feelings and concerns in making a final decision about how to accomplish a task is best identified as using which approach? A) (^) Benevolent authoritarian B) (^) Democratic C) (^) Laissez-faire D) (^) Dictatorial authoritarian 4. A leader with a low relationship/low task orientation presents a leadership style that is most similar to which leadership approach? A) (^) Democratic B) (^) Laissez-faire C) (^) Authoritarian D) (^) Benevolent 5. Which objective best indicates that a vice president of nursing services has a good understanding of methods to decrease staff turnover rate? A) (^) Post discharge questionnaires will show increased levels of client satisfaction. B) (^) During the next 6 months, attrition rates will be the national average. C) (^) During the next 3 months, retention rates will increase by 10 percent. D) (^) Nurses will feel more control over their work environment. 6. Which personality characteristics would make a person more susceptible to burnout? A) (^) Average intelligence, procrastinator, poor health B) (^) Above average intelligence, idealistic, perfectionist C) (^) Below average intelligence, procrastinator, excellent health D) (^) Average motivation level, high income, idealistic 7. When evaluating the applications of several new nursing graduates, which career characteristics would a nurse manager consider most positive and least likely to cause burnout? A) (^) Demand for high-quality performance and unclear expectations B) (^) Unrealistic expectations and little control over work situations C) (^) High degree of responsibility and appreciation of work being done D) (^) Inadequate financial rewards and high stress levels 8. Identify the most common emotion experienced by nurses who are developing burnout. A) (^) Eagerness B) (^) Powerlessness C) (^) Compassion D) (^) Sympathy 9. Identify the earliest indications that a nurse may be experiencing burnout. A) (^) Alcohol abuse B) (^) Physical complaints
C) (^) Attitude that work is to be tolerated D) (^) Feelings of helplessness and guilt Communication-Chapt XII Characteristics to resolve crisis. Anger and communication.
1. Identify the characteristics required in a person who is able to resolve difficult crises. A) (^) Has decreased self-esteem and motivation B) (^) Uses newly developed coping skills to resolve future crises C) (^) Views the experience as personally destructive D) (^) Avoids difficult situations in the future 2. What role does anger play in communication? A) (^) It is always negative and destructive. B) (^) It can be used positively to produce change. C) (^) It should be held in as a controlled rage. D) (^) It needs to be expressed immediately. Defiant Behavior-Chapt XII-XII How to establish trust. Aggressive vs Assertive communication 1. The best way to establish trust with a client who is displaying difficult behavior is to always: A) (^) show compassion and sympathy to what the client is talking about. B) (^) be honest in answering the client’s questions. C) (^) use therapeutic communication skills when talking with the client. D) (^) be judgmental about the client’s feelings. 2. Which statement by a nurse manager during a staff meeting best demonstrates use of an aggressive style of communication? A) (^) “I am the manager and we will do it my way.” B) (^) “I’m sorry, but your suggestion was useless to solving the problem.” C) (^) “I really don’t care; do it the way you think is best.” D) (^) “You have made some good points, but I have another suggestion.” 3. Identify a communication style that involves interpersonal behaviors that permit people to defend and maintain their legitimate rights in a respectful manner that does not violate the rights of others. A) (^) Submissive B) (^) Assertive C) (^) Aggressive D) (^) Dishonest 4. A particularly vocal staff nurse on a busy obstetric unit has been complaining to the other nurses about the unit manager’s preferential treatment of the night-shift nurses. Select the action that the unit manager should take to resolve this problem, which best demonstrates the use of the assertive approach to conflict resolution. A) Notes that the vocal staff nurse is not intelligent enough to understand the situation, and disregards her comments as worthless B) Arranges for the transfer of the staff nurse to the night shift C) Sets up a time and place for a one-on-one meeting with the staff nurse
C) (^) Primary care nursing D) (^) Functional nursing
7. Which two types of care delivery models are commonly used in managed care? A) (^) Functional and team nursing B) (^) Case management and functional nursing C) (^) Modular nursing and primary care nursing D) (^) Case management and primary care nursing Delegation-Chapter XVI Based on person skill level who gets what task (scenarios) 1. A registered nurse (RN) is assigned to a step-down coronary care unit with 20 clients in various stages of recovery. What is the primary consideration in assigning the unit staff that includes two RNs, two licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and one certified nursing assistant (CNA)? A) (^) Distance of client rooms from the nurses’ station B) (^) Skill level of each staff member C) (^) Staff preferences for specific clients D) (^) Developmental needs of clients 2. During the first day assigned to a medical-surgical unit, a newly CNA is unable to obtain a urine specimen by catheterization. What should the supervising RN do next? A) Confront the CNA about not being honest concerning his or her ability to perform the procedure. B) (^) Assign the CNA to work with a staff RN to observe and learn the skill. C) (^) Recommend that the CNA be fired because the probation period is still in effect. D) (^) Assign only basic care clients to the CNA. 3. Because of short staffing in the intensive care unit, a labor and delivery nurse is floated to the unit. Identify the most appropriate assignment for this nurse. A) (^) A 36 - year-old woman with steroid-induced cardiomyopathy B) (^) An 86 - year-old man in cardiogenic shock C) A 3 - year-old girl with an accidental overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) D) (^) A 23 - year-old man with malignant hypertension 4. What is the most appropriate assignment for a nurse who has 10 years of experience in a neurological ICU when floated to a pediatric oncology unit? A) (^) A 3 - year-old boy with leukemia who has contracted bacterial meningitis B) (^) A 6 - year-old boy with osteogenic sarcoma C) (^) An 18 - month-old infant postsurgery with a neuroblastoma D) (^) A 14 - year-old girl with a pheochromocytoma and adrenalectomy 5. Which assignment is most appropriate for a CNA floated to the medical-surgical unit from the outpatient clinic? A) (^) Assisting a 72 - year-old man 1 day post–cerebrovascular accident with dysphagia to eat lunch B) (^) Obtaining a temperature on a 29 - year-old woman with gastrointestinal bleeding during the last 30 minutes of a whole-blood transfusion C) (^) Completing the admission vital signs and assessment on a 44 - year-old woman who
just returned from the post anesthesia care unit after nephrectomy D) (^) Changing the sterile dressings on a 22 - year-old man 2 days after undergoing skin graft for burn injuries
6. An LPN who has been assigned four clients asks the charge nurse which client should be assessed first after report. Which client should the charge nurse suggest be assessed first? A) A 66 - year-old man with type 1 diabetes with 4 p.m. blood sugar of 92 B) (^) A 77 - year-old man with congestive heart failure who has a potassium level of 3. C) (^) A 24 - year-old woman with pyelonephritis and a fever of 101.1°F D) (^) A 38 - year-old man with 22 percent deep partial thickness burns of the legs and abdomen 7. Select the most appropriate client for the RN to assign to the CNA. A) (^) A client with difficulty swallowing food and fluids B) (^) A client with constipation who needs tap-water enemas C) (^) A client with a colostomy who requires irrigations D) (^) A client with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube who is receiving continuous tube feedings 8. To which individual can the charge nurse delegate the task of completing the history and physical examination for a newly admitted client? A) (^) RN B) (^) LPN C) (^) CNA, level II D) (^) CNA, level III Incivility-Chapter XVII Horizontal vs Vertical violence. What is civility? Bullying and intimidation. 1. What is an example of horizontal violence? A) (^) A student talking back to an instructor in the classroom B) (^) Posting false and derogatory information on FaceBook about a fellow student C) Faculty assigning additional homework when students fall asleep during class D) (^) Keying the car of faculty who are unreasonable and unfair 2. Extreme bottom-up vertical violence can sometimes manifest itself as: A) (^) using passive-aggressive ways to decrease productivity. B) (^) an environment that remains in a constant state of fear. C) an employee “going postal” and causing physical injury. D) (^) decreased communication. 3. What is the underlying principle upon which all definitions of civility are built? A) (^) Good manners B) (^) The Civil Rights Act of 1974 C) Recognizing the importance of all human beings D) (^) The fight against injustice and oppression 4. Identify the primary role of civility in the nursing profession. A) (^) It allows nurses to practice without fear of retaliation. B) (^) Unit morale is maintained at a high level, increasing productivity. C) Civility is simply an expectation of professional behavior. D) (^) Civility in the profession enables nurses to make caring the focal point of their
D) (^) State Board of Nursing
2. What is the best method for nurses to influence those in power? A) (^) Take an active role in institutional decision-making. B) (^) Remain current with trends and issues in nursing. C) (^) Serve on hospital and community health-care committees. D) (^) Join unions. 3. Why is the input of nurses vital to legislators? A) (^) Most of the bills legislators pass are not related to health care. B) (^) Voters can be misled easily by special-interest groups. C) (^) The majority of legislators do not have health-care backgrounds. D) (^) Legislators need to be aware of the important part nurses play in the health-care system. 4. What is the best way for nurses to influence the legislative process at the federal level? A) (^) Organize demonstrations outside the White House when important health-care issues are discussed. B) (^) Send telegrams and letters to their Congress members and House representatives. C) (^) Have the main nursing organizations speak with a unified voice when presenting their concerns. D) (^) Join and actively participate in hospital committees on health care. 5. Which phrase best describes decisions that are made by the State Board of Nursing? A) (^) Influence all aspects of the health-care system B) (^) Have the same force as law C) (^) Considered recommendations that may or may not be followed D) (^) Must be approved by a majority of nurses in the state Allocation of resources-Chapt 20 Purpose of heath care insurance. Benefits of the Affordable Care Act. 1. What was the original purpose of health insurance? A) (^) Provide health care for the poor and homeless. B) (^) Share the risk across a large group so that health care could be provided when needed. C) (^) Prevent hospitals and physicians from offering nonprofit private insurance plans. D) (^) Develop a large industry that would employ many people when the economy was in decline. 2. Identify a benefit of the ACA. A) (^) It establishes lifetime limits on how much insurance companies must pay for illness to one individual. B) (^) It prohibits states from applying to expand family planning eligibility and decreases costs for the government. C) (^) Those participating in clinical trials will no longer be covered due to the excessive cost of experimental drugs and treatments. D) (^) It prevents insurers from discriminating against or charging higher rates based on gender or pre-existing medical conditions.
Spirituality-Chapt
Differences between religion, spirituality, truth, mediation. Know about spiritual distress, relaxation techniques, visualization.
- Identify the term used when a person lives with consciousness of a reality beyond what is knowable through the five senses and is aware of a transcendent reality. A) (^) Religion B) (^) Spirituality C) (^) Truth D) (^) Meditation 2. What do clients practice when they meditate using an image of a desired outcome or the process of attaining it? A) (^) Wishful thinking B) (^) Visualization C) (^) Relaxation techniques D) (^) Religion 3. What is a disruption in the life principle that pervades a person’s entire being and integrates and transcends one’s biological and psychosocial nature? A) (^) Mental illness B) (^) Anxiety C) (^) Spiritual distress D) (^) Alterations in individual coping 4. Choose the nursing intervention that is of limited effectiveness in addressing the needs of a client with a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress. A) (^) Communicate acceptance of the client’s spiritual needs and acknowledge their importance. B) Express a willingness to assist and cooperate with religious practices that are not detrimental to the client’s health in the treatment setting. C) (^) Contact an appropriate spiritual leader or community for conduct of spiritual rituals sought by the client. D) (^) Explain the nurse’s religious beliefs and values immediately when requested to do so by the client. 5. Which question would be most appropriate for a nurse to ask in assessing the spiritual distress of a client in the critical care unit? A) (^) “Do you believe that God has sent this illness to you as a punishment for your past sins?” B) “When was the last time you went to church to ask for God’s help?” C) (^) “What do you do to feel hope or feel stronger?” D) (^) “Would you like to talk with the hospital chaplain about any spiritual concerns you have?” Cultural Diversity-Chapt 22 Stereotypes, bias, cultural awareness
- Select the term used for an oversimplified belief, conception, or opinion about another person or group based on a limited amount of information. A) (^) Judgment B) (^) Stereotype C) (^) Bias
