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NUR 106 Final Review Questions with Answers All Correctly Solved
1. Because 95-98% of nurses are women, the extent of freedom and respect granted to nurses is
tied to whose status in society?: women's
2. Early cultures viewed the vocation of healer in terms associated with the
.: sacred
3.From the 14th to the 17th centuries, the trials in Europe were
carried out through an organized partnership among the Church, state, and emerging medical profession.: witch
4. Exclusion of women from during the Middle Ages meant
that the only women allowed by the church to practice healing arts were in religious nursing orders.: universities
5. Florence Nightingale was a .: nurse, statistician,
sanitarian, social reformer, and scholar
6. Use of scarce resources and assuring the best outcomes to address mass casualty incidents is an
expression of .: Utilitarianism
7. Nurse Kylee notices that a presurgical patient is licking and biting her lips. Even though the patient
says she is not concerned about the surgery, Kylee decides to spend a few extra minutes going over what the patient can expect. Kylee sees the patient's nonverbal behavior as a reflection of anxiety. Kylee is exhibiting .: Discernment
8.Which type of utilitarianism allows for times when the overall consequences may be better if a
guideline is not followed?: Act-utilitarianism
9.According to Kant, a categorical imperative has no exceptions.: True
10.Errors that can cause violations of patient autonomy include: (Select all that apply.): Failing to
recognize patients' thought processes are different from yours Assuming patients have the same values as you Being distracted by work Making assumptions about a patient's knowledge Assuming patients have the same goals as you
11.The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses recognizes that duties of
confidentiality are not absolute. In what instances may these duties be modified? (Select all that apply.): to protect the patient for public safety
12.In addition to the basic meaning of beneficence, the two other meanings it embodies per the
American Nurses Association are that nurses must:: prevent or remove harm.
13.When competent patients give permission for treatments or research, it is termed:: Informed
consent
14. Values are acquired in which of the following ways: (Select all that apply.)-
: Through payment of dues Through socialization Through instruction by religious leaders Through instructions by teachers
15.In order to acknowledge similarities and differences in values when inter- acting with others, you
should first:: Know your own values
primary accountability for nursing care received by patients. Each nurse is responsible for all individual actions and omissions.
25.Expertise is vital to the nursing profession because:: Knowledge and skills are required to
meet society's needs.
26.What is the foremost legal statute that regulates nursing?: Nurse Practice Act
27.Some standards of nursing practice are developed by non-nurses.: True
28.During which step in ethical decision-making do you identify conflicting moral claims?:
Gathering Data
29. An 18-year-old woman accompanied by her mother has an appointment for an annual check-up
at the primary care office where you work. As you are taking the history, the mother leaves the room "so that my daughter can talk with you privately." The daughter requests to start on oral contraceptives. You are opposed to people having sex until they are married. The physician discusses oral contraceptives with the daughter, writes a prescription, and leaves you to explain to her how they are taken. The daughter exclaims, "I have to take the pill EVERY DAY?" She then describes that she is certain she will be forgetful during college. The office is running 45 minutes behind. What do you do?: Ask the daughter if she would like to hear about other methods of contraception.
30.If you feel discomfort when reason is pointing to a particular answer to an ethical decision, what
should you do?: Further explore reasonable arguments and your reactions
31.An oncologist explains to an elderly patient with stage IV cancer that two more rounds of
chemotherapy have been ordered. You know from the medical record that the chemotherapy has not been effective and that the patient suffers terribly with each round. You have noticed that this oncologist often gives "extra" rounds to terminal patients. You are thoroughly disgusted with this physician and would like to report the behavior to the medical board, but you think the oncologist
40.Which is true regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)? (Select all that apply.):
Employers must make necessary physical accommodations to the workplace upon request from employees, such as wheelchair accessibility, provided that doing so would not be an undue hardship. The ADA demands that employers base employment decisions solely upon job qualifications and ability, without regard to physical or mental disabilities. The ADA requires that people with disabilities are not excluded from job opportuni ties unless they are unqualified or unable to perform the job.
41.Nurse John feels that elective abortion is always murder. He did not realize when he was hired
that the hospital where he works will perform abortions in certain instances, such as when the mother's life is in danger. John reviews his ethics text; he finds this chapter that explains that nurses who cannot reconcile their values with a particular situation need to take the necessary steps to:: remove themselves from the situation.
42.When competent patients refuse food or fluid, respect for persons directs nurses to:: honor this
refusal.
43. Josie, age 87, has lived at Manor Care (a skilled nursing facility) for 10 years. Josie has just been
diagnosed with Stage IV cancer. She has seen the oncologist who told her there is little chance of surviving chemotherapy, that chemotherapy would be painful and cause much suffering, and that her quality of life would be much better by choosing palliative care now. He said that the combination of her age and diagnosis would qualify her for hospice care as another option. Josie's nurse, Estelle, talks with Josie about her choices, and helps Josie realize that to have the chemotherapy would be an exercise in:: Medical futility
44.A cardiologist suggests to a family to have a heart monitor implanted in their 93-year-old father
who has congestive heart failure. The procedure will require general anesthesia, which has some risks because of the father's decreased pulmonary capacity. However, myocardial infarctions (like the one that accelerated the congestive heart failure) will be easily detected once the heart monitor is in place. Which two principles must be weighed in making the decision?: Beneficence and nonmaleficence
45.A subjective appraisal of factors that make life worth living is:: Quality of life
46.Autonomy may be threatened by which of the following? (Select all that apply.): Presumption
that a patient's values are consistent with those of health care providers Paternalism Attentive listening to a patient's concerns
47.Calvin had an advanced directive explaining that when two or more physi cians agreed that there
was no hope of him surviving, any life support should be removed if started, and no new measures were to be taken except those that would eliminate pain. Calvin was in a coma owing to kidney failure, but his children wanted to start a feeding tube. The physician refused because the purpose of an advance directive is to:: support people in making decisions on their own behalf, and help to ensure that patients have the kind of end-of-life care that they want.
48.Because of concern that health care providers will not adhere to personal wishes regarding end-
of-life issues, fears about prolonged suffering resulting from prolongation of dying, and the lack of control that each of these engen ders, many people consider the possibility of:: assisted suicide.
49.In dealing with patient lifestyle choices, nurses must remember the instructions in the ANA
Code for Nurses to provide services with respect for human dignity and to:: avoid their own value judgments related to differences in background, customs, attitudes, and beliefs.
55.Nurses have an ethical obligation to ensure the safety of participants in research. This means:
(Select all that apply.): participants need to understand their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the study at any time without fear of consequences. nurses must ensure that participants have received sufficient information to make an informed decision about participation. persons have the right to choose whether or not to participate in research as a human subject.
56.Understanding that world peace is a prerequisite for developing, fostering, and maintaining
health, the ICN affirms the ethical responsibility of nurses to eliminate threats to life and health caused by:: weapons of war and conflict.
57.Nurse Christie doesn't understand why Wanda didn't come in sooner for the skin problem she is
experiencing. She realizes when reviewing her chart that Wanda travelled 150 miles to reach the clinic where Christie works. Wanda is a member of what population that often goes without services because of distance from their homes?: rural populations
58.Which document recognizes that issues of human rights, environmental protection, equitable
human development, and a culture of peace are interde pendent and indivisible?: The Earth Charter
59.Which common physiologic changes of aging make the elderly more vulnerable to effects of
climate change? (Select all that apply.): Decreased cardiac reserve Changes in sweating and ability to regulate body temperature Decreased respiratory muscle strength Decreased mobility
60.Displaced persons, migrants, and refugees are:: highly vulnerable popula tions.
61.Natural disasters include:: Earthquakes
62.If humans destroy the Earth through climate change, we also destroy the source of our life and
sustenance.: True
63.Policy development flows from personal values and all ethical principles, particularly of
beneficence and:: justice
64.Which of the following are the distinct phases of policy making? (Select all that apply.): Policy
formulation Policy modification Policy
was not covered by your insurance. I'm sure our office policy allows for you to go on a payment plan. Could I have an assistant call you back tomorrow?"
72.Several theories have been proposed to determine how resources and services should be
distributed. Which of the following are theories that do not classify health care as a right, but rather as a commodity that operates on the material principle of ability to pay either directly or indirectly through insurance?: Libertarian
73. Which of the following is NOT a recent trend in U.S. health economics?: -
increased access to health care for all
74.Serious problems of the current U.S. healthcare system are related to which of the following:
(Select all that apply.): Unquestioned use of expensive technology Profit as the primary motive for providing health care services Autonomy that favors the individual over society's needs
75.Which of the following is NOT true concerning Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?:
HMOs usually allow members to receive care out of their network, but the member must pay more than if they use a network provider.
76.Margaret is stunned when she receives the bill for the last three weeks of care for her mother,
who died in intensive care at the hospital. Her mother had a terminal illness and was 88 years old. Margaret thinks, "It costs this much and they couldn't even save her?" What is the name for intensive care of el- derly patients with terminal illness, when there is no hope for recovery?: Futile care
77.Incentives to participate in wellness programs can take many forms includ ing vouchers, gift
cards, and reduced insurance premiums.: True
78.The traditional health care system in the United States is fee-for-service, which does not uphold
the principle of autonomy.: False
79.Which of the following are health conditions associated with intimate partner violence?
(Select all that apply.): migraine and other headaches sleep disturbances anxiety and depression pelvic inflammatory disease sexually transmitted infections digestive disorders cardiovascular disease vaginal bleeding
80.Without health care insurance coverage, the poor often:: postpone needed health care.
81.In addition to general health care, trafficking survivors will likely:: need mental health
services.
82.Poverty is known to have a negative impact on:: the health of individuals and the receipt of
health care services.
83.Women living in abusive situations are especially vulnerable to battery during pregnancy and
are at a higher risk than non-battered women for poor pregnancy outcomes.: True
84.Health problems of the homeless include illnesses resulting from living with inadequate
nutrition, warmth, hygiene, safety, and other basic needs.: - True
85.Nurse Practitioner Josie is surprised to see a patient's partner with her for a gynecological
examination. The patient, Rita, says she has been having pelvic pain. Rita seems distracted when responding to questions, often look ing to her partner to help her with the answers; he often answers for her. Her partner insists on staying for the exam, even when Josie offers that he could wait in the waiting room. Josie notices several bruises on Rita's inner thighs as she begins the exam; Rita stammers a nonsensical explanation for them when questioned. What should Josie realize about Rita?: Those are signs Rita has experienced intimate partner violence.
86.The ANA Code of Ethics upholds that:: A nurse may object to participate in an action on
included in the FICA Tool? (Select all that apply.): Faith, belief, meaning—whether the person considers self to be spiritual or religious and what is meaningful to the person Importance and influence of these in one's life and what might be supportive in times of stress Address/action in care—how would the person like the health practitioner to address concerns in care? Community—spiritual and other groups to which the person belongs and that provide meaning and support to the person
95.Some people within a culture may not ascribe to all beliefs and values attributed to that
culture.: True
96.Nurses are expected to demonstrate competence in providing culturally congruent care. Which of
the following do nurses apply in providing culturally congruent care? (Select all that apply.): respect for persons beneficence autonomy
97.How can you be sure a patient understands what you have told them about informed consent?:
Have the patient describe in their own words what they have been told.
98.If an adult refuses a blood transfusion due to religious beliefs, after all risks have been explained,
it is considered:: an informed decision.
99.Although spirituality may be expressed through religious beliefs and practices, it is not
synonymous with religion.: true
100. The first step in cultural competence is:: recognizing that another person's culture is
different from one's own.
