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NUR 106 Final Review Questions With
Answers 2025.
Because 95-98% of nurses are women, the extent of freedom and respect granted to nurses is tied to whose status in society? - ANSWER- women's Early cultures viewed the vocation of healer in terms associated with the _____________. - ANSWER- sacred From the 14th to the 17th centuries, the _____________ trials in Europe were carried out through an organized partnership among the Church, state, and emerging medical profession. - ANSWER- witch Exclusion of women from ___________________ during the Middle Ages meant that the only women allowed by the church to practice healing arts were in religious nursing orders. - ANSWER- universities Florence Nightingale was a ______________________. - ANSWER- nurse, statistician, sanitarian, social reformer, and scholar Use of scarce resources and assuring the best outcomes to address mass casualty incidents is an expression of ________________. - ANSWER- Utilitarianism Nurse Kylee notices that a presurgical patient is licking and biting her lips. Even though the patient says she is not concerned about the surgery, Kylee decides to spend a few extra minutes going over what the patient can expect. Kylee sees the patient's nonverbal behavior as a reflection of anxiety. Kylee is exhibiting ________________. - ANSWER- Discernment Which type of utilitarianism allows for times when the overall consequences may be better if a guideline is not followed? - ANSWER- Act-utilitarianism According to Kant, a categorical imperative has no exceptions. - ANSWER- True Errors that can cause violations of patient autonomy include: (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Failing to recognize patients' thought processes are different from yours Assuming patients have the same values as you Being distracted by work Making assumptions about a patient's knowledge
Assuming patients have the same goals as you The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses recognizes that duties of confidentiality are not absolute. In what instances may these duties be modified? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- to protect the patient for public safety In addition to the basic meaning of beneficence, the two other meanings it embodies per the American Nurses Association are that nurses must: - ANSWER- prevent or remove harm. When competent patients give permission for treatments or research, it is termed: - ANSWER- Informed consent Values are acquired in which of the following ways: (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Through payment of dues Through socialization Through instruction by religious leaders Through instructions by teachers In order to acknowledge similarities and differences in values when interacting with others, you should first: - ANSWER- Know your own values Tomas discovers that the facility where he works has stopped feeding a resident, Paul. Paul's barium swallow test showed that food is entering Paul's lungs. Paul's physician has recommended placement of a PEG (stomach) tube, so that Paul does not get pneumonia. Paul does not want the PEG tube, and understands that he will get pneumonia if he eats normally. Paul complains to Tomas that he is hungry. Tomas is angry that his facility does not support Paul's autonomy. Tomas is experiencing: - ANSWER- moral distress. When personal values are at odds with those of patients, colleagues, or an institution, this situation is termed ______________. - ANSWER- values conflict Which are techniques to increase self-awareness? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Explain the correct values to patients Pay attention to how you feel physically pay attention to how you feel emotionally Which of the following best reflects nursing's concerns? - ANSWER- An ethic of caring Progression of the Cultural-Developmental Theory is in which order? - ANSWER- Autonomy, Community, Divinity
behavior to the medical board, but you think the oncologist may retaliate and you would lose your job. At what stage of moral reckoning are you? - ANSWER- Situational Bind Which are the duties of a nurse as an expert witness? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Evaluate the nurse's actions against standards Describe standards of care to the court Discuss conclusions about the accusation of malpractice. Which of the following is a potential source of malpractice claims against nurses? - ANSWER- Failure to properly assess and monitor Which of these is an instance where a nurse could be accused of a criminal offense under public law? - ANSWER- False imprisonment Which of the following are sources of law? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Constitutional law Statutory (legislative) law Administrative law Common law Which of the following enhances the effectiveness of delegation? - ANSWER- Clear communication Nurses' first obligation is to: - ANSWER- patients Josie started work last week in a new department. She was surprised to overhear Nurse Layla spreading a rumor about a coworker. What is the term for Layla's behavior? - ANSWER- Incivility Which of the following are potential relationship conflicts? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Loyalty to subordinates versus duty to patients Obligations to patients versus following physician's orders Which is true regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Employers must make necessary physical accommodations to the workplace upon request from employees, such as wheelchair accessibility, provided that doing so would not be an undue hardship. The ADA demands that employers base employment decisions solely upon job qualifications and ability, without regard to physical or mental disabilities.
The ADA requires that people with disabilities are not excluded from job opportunities unless they are unqualified or unable to perform the job. Nurse John feels that elective abortion is always murder. He did not realize when he was hired that the hospital where he works will perform abortions in certain instances, such as when the mother's life is in danger. John reviews his ethics text; he finds this chapter that explains that nurses who cannot reconcile their values with a particular situation need to take the necessary steps to: - ANSWER- remove themselves from the situation. When competent patients refuse food or fluid, respect for persons directs nurses to: - ANSWER- honor this refusal. Josie, age 87, has lived at Manor Care (a skilled nursing facility) for 10 years. Josie has just been diagnosed with Stage IV cancer. She has seen the oncologist who told her there is little chance of surviving chemotherapy, that chemotherapy would be painful and cause much suffering, and that her quality of life would be much better by choosing palliative care now. He said that the combination of her age and diagnosis would qualify her for hospice care as another option. Josie's nurse, Estelle, talks with Josie about her choices, and helps Josie realize that to have the chemotherapy would be an exercise in:
- ANSWER- Medical futility A cardiologist suggests to a family to have a heart monitor implanted in their 93-year-old father who has congestive heart failure. The procedure will require general anesthesia, which has some risks because of the father's decreased pulmonary capacity. However, myocardial infarctions (like the one that accelerated the congestive heart failure) will be easily detected once the heart monitor is in place. Which two principles must be weighed in making the decision? - ANSWER- Beneficence and nonmaleficence A subjective appraisal of factors that make life worth living is: - ANSWER- Quality of life Autonomy may be threatened by which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Presumption that a patient's values are consistent with those of health care providers Paternalism Attentive listening to a patient's concerns Calvin had an advanced directive explaining that when two or more physicians agreed that there was no hope of him surviving, any life support should be removed if started, and no new measures were to be taken except those that would eliminate pain. Calvin was in a coma owing to kidney failure, but his children wanted to start a feeding tube. The physician refused because the purpose of an advance directive is to: - ANSWER-
Nurses have an ethical obligation to ensure the safety of participants in research. This means: (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- participants need to understand their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the study at any time without fear of consequences. nurses must ensure that participants have received sufficient information to make an informed decision about participation. persons have the right to choose whether or not to participate in research as a human subject. Understanding that world peace is a prerequisite for developing, fostering, and maintaining health, the ICN affirms the ethical responsibility of nurses to eliminate threats to life and health caused by: - ANSWER- weapons of war and conflict.vvv Nurse Christie doesn't understand why Wanda didn't come in sooner for the skin problem she is experiencing. She realizes when reviewing her chart that Wanda travelled 150 miles to reach the clinic where Christie works. Wanda is a member of what population that often goes without services because of distance from their homes? - ANSWER- rural populations Which document recognizes that issues of human rights, environmental protection, equitable human development, and a culture of peace are interdependent and indivisible? - ANSWER- The Earth Charter Which common physiologic changes of aging make the elderly more vulnerable to effects of climate change? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Decreased cardiac reserve Changes in sweating and ability to regulate body temperature Decreased respiratory muscle strength Decreased mobility Displaced persons, migrants, and refugees are: - ANSWER- highly vulnerable populations. Natural disasters include: - ANSWER- Earthquakes If humans destroy the Earth through climate change, we also destroy the source of our life and sustenance. - ANSWER- True Policy development flows from personal values and all ethical principles, particularly of beneficence and: - ANSWER- justice
Which of the following are the distinct phases of policy making? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Policy formulation Policy modification Policy implementation Which of the following is NOT a nursing workplace political issue? - ANSWER- Active euthanasia Janet, a recent graduate preparing for the NCLEX, would like to stay current on issues and policy goals. What is one of the best and most reliable sources that Janet can use for current information important to nurses and health policy? - ANSWER- Organizations such as the ANA Which of the following are nursing's political strengths? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Nurses have historically been perceived as honest and ethical Nurses usually continue to be active once they are involved in health policy Nurses comprise the largest group of health care providers. Nurse Stacey is preparing to discuss policy with officials. She knows she should carefully review objective data and pertinent research findings, and prepare a few attention-getting personal stories. She also knows that one additional factor often gets attention when other factors are ignored, so she is fully prepared to explain which factor:
- ANSWER- Cost savings Which of the following is NOT an Environmental Health political issue? - ANSWER- Reporting of STDs In what ways could the Supreme Court be considered partisan? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- The majority party in the Senate can easily confirm or reject the appointee. Senate members can question appointees on partisan issues. The President identifies with one party and appoints judges. When two office assistants called in sick, Nurse Roussie was asked to return a call to an irate patient. This patient, Emily, was distraught that her cosmetic surgery was not paid for by her insurance. Roussie thinks, "Who doesn't know that insurance doesn't cover cosmetic surgery?" - but she refrains from saying that out loud. What is an accurate explanation that she can give Emily to calm her, so Roussie can get back to her nursing tasks? - ANSWER- "Yes, it's disappointing that your surgery was not
Without health care insurance coverage, the poor often: - ANSWER- postpone needed health care. In addition to general health care, trafficking survivors will likely: - ANSWER- need mental health services. Poverty is known to have a negative impact on: - ANSWER- the health of individuals and the receipt of health care services. Women living in abusive situations are especially vulnerable to battery during pregnancy and are at a higher risk than non-battered women for poor pregnancy outcomes. - ANSWER- True Health problems of the homeless include illnesses resulting from living with inadequate nutrition, warmth, hygiene, safety, and other basic needs. - ANSWER- True Nurse Practitioner Josie is surprised to see a patient's partner with her for a gynecological examination. The patient, Rita, says she has been having pelvic pain. Rita seems distracted when responding to questions, often looking to her partner to help her with the answers; he often answers for her. Her partner insists on staying for the exam, even when Josie offers that he could wait in the waiting room. Josie notices several bruises on Rita's inner thighs as she begins the exam; Rita stammers a nonsensical explanation for them when questioned. What should Josie realize about Rita? - ANSWER- Those are signs Rita has experienced intimate partner violence. The ANA Code of Ethics upholds that: - ANSWER- A nurse may object to participate in an action on moral grounds. Nurse Mallory notices that, unusually, most patients scheduled at the primary care office where she works today are men. She knows she should be alert to recognizing signs of diseases that occur more often in men than in women, and tries to recall those diseases. Rates of which of the following diseases are higher in men than in women? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- cancer gout and kidney stones diabetes heart disease, aortic aneurysm, and hypertension liver disease and alcoholism A patient's preference of one gender nurse over another must be respected. - ANSWER- True
Which of the following is a sign that working conditions for some LGBT+ nurses are improving? - ANSWER- Many employers have agreed to extend spousal benefits such as health insurance, life insurance, and maternity leave to same-gender couples. Men typically enjoy lower wages, slower promotions, and less prestigious positions in occupations, such as nursing, that are dominated by women. - ANSWER- False Male nurses do not experience stereotyping. - ANSWER- False Males are like more likely to die before birth, be born prematurely, and die before their first birthday than girls. - ANSWER- True Which of the following is NOT a way to create sacred space? - ANSWER- denying specific dietary requirements be met One process for spiritual assessment is the FICA Spiritual History Tool. This process incorporates open-ended questions regarding key elements of spirituality. Which of the following are included in the FICA Tool? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Faith, belief, meaning—whether the person considers self to be spiritual or religious and what is meaningful to the person Importance and influence of these in one's life and what might be supportive in times of stress Address/action in care—how would the person like the health practitioner to address concerns in care? Community—spiritual and other groups to which the person belongs and that provide meaning and support to the person Some people within a culture may not ascribe to all beliefs and values attributed to that culture. - ANSWER- True Nurses are expected to demonstrate competence in providing culturally congruent care. Which of the following do nurses apply in providing culturally congruent care? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- respect for persons beneficence autonomy How can you be sure a patient understands what you have told them about informed consent? - ANSWER- Have the patient describe in their own words what they have been told.
