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EXAM 1: MISSED QUESTIONS
What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period?
A. Unintentional injuries B. Infectious diseases C. Childhood diseases D. Congenital disorders
ANS: A.
After 1 year of age, the cause of death changes dramatically, with unintentional injuries (accidents) being the leading cause from the youngest ages to the adolescent years.
A rash which begins on the trunk, does not spread to the face but has sandpaper like quality, describes which of the following communicable diseases?
A. Rubeola B. Erythema infectiosum C. Rubella D. Scarlet fever- strawberry tongue
ANS: D.
Exanthema- Rash appears within 12 hours after prodromal signs; red pinhead-sized punctate lesions rapidly become generalized but are absent on face, which becomes flushed with striking circumoral pallor, rash more intense in folds of joins by end of first week desquamation begins (fine, sandpaper-like on torso)
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
A. Formal operational thought B. Postconventional thought C. Conventional thought D. Concrete operations
ANS: A.
Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piaget’s fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.
ANS: B.
Infant- before able to sit alone- supine or prones, preferably in parent’s lap; before 4-6 months, can place on examining table. After able to sit alone- sitting in parent’s lap whenever possible; if on table, place with parent in full view if quiet, auscultate heart, lungs, abdomen. Record heart and respiratory rates
Which of the following statements is true of X-linked recessive inheritance?
A. Affected individuals are principally females B. Carrier female usually exhibits symptoms of the disease C. Affected males are carriers of the disease D. Affected males have symptoms of the disorder
ANS: D.
X-Linked Recessive Inheritance: Characteristics: Most affected persons are male. Affected Females are extremely rare. Males transmit their Y chromosome to their sons; therefore father-to-son transmission of X-linked traits is not possible. All daughters of an affected male are (heterozygous) carriers; Sons of carrier females have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant allele and being affected (hemizygous). Daughters have a 50% risk of inheriting the mutant allele and being (heterozygous) carriers.
Which immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to normal healthy children between the ages of 1 and 5 years? (SATA).
A. Meningococcal (MCV) B. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP) C. Rotavirus (RV) D. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) E. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
ANS: B, C, D.
Choose the prevention strategies that have significantly decreased fatalities for children. (Select all that apply.)
A. Car restraint
ANS: A, B, D.
Prevention strategies such as the use of car restraints, bicycle helmets, and smoke detectors have significantly decreased fatalities for children. Nevertheless, the overwhelming causes of death in children are MVAs, including occupant, pedestrian, bicycle, and motorcycle deaths; these account for more than half of all injury deaths
Select the developmental milestones usually seen in children during the toddler stage (1-3 years). (Select all that apply.)
A. Growth spurt begins B. Anterior fontanel closes by 24 months C. Two-to-three word sentences D. Appears to be bowlegged and potbellied E. Temper tantrums are common
ANS: C, D, E.
A parent brings a toddler, age 9 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. What should the nurse expect to find when palpating the toddlers' fontanels?
A. Closed anterior fontanel and open posterior fontanel B. Open anterior fontanel and closed posterior fontanel C. Closed anterior and posterior fontanels D. Open anterior and posterior fontanels
ANS: B.
Statistically, how many children in the US experience serious emotional problems that affect their daily functioning?
A. 100 children B. 1 out 5 children C. 1000 children
Select the viral communicable disease from the following list
A. Varicella B. Rubeola C. Scarlet fever D. Rubella
ANS: B.
Measles (Rubeola) - virus source - respiratory tract, blood, and urine of infected person Transmission- Usually by direct contact with droplets of infected person; primarily in the winter incubation period- 10-20 days period of communicability from 4 days before to 5 days after rash appears, but
The nurse notes that a 12-month old infant who weighed 6.5 pounds at birth now weighs 15.5 pounds. What is the nurse’s evaluation of the infant’s current weight?
A. The infant should be evaluated for malnutrition B. The nurse should assess the infant for symptoms of colic C. The child is consuming more calories than needed D. Infant’s weight is appropriate for the age
ANS: A.
By 1 year of age, the infant’s birth weight should be triple the birth weight. By age 2, it should be 4x and by age 6 months, it should be 2x.
The nurse is instructing the staff on measuring head circumference. Teaching by the nurse has been effective if the staff make which statement? Select all that apply.
a) The head circumference should be measured up to 24 months of age in children with an appropriate head size. b) The head circumference should be measured above the eyebrows and at the pinnae of the ears c) Measuring tapes should be made of paper d) For greatest accuracy, use devices marked with tenths of a centimeter because the percentile charts have only 0.t5-cm increments.
e) The shape of the child’s head will not affect the accuracy of the measurement.
ANS: B, C, D.
ANS: B.
If a woman experiences plugged ducts, the best interventions are to continue breastfeeding every 2 to 3 hours and alternate feeding positions while pointing the infant’s chin toward the obstructed area. Other interventions include massaging breasts and applying warm compresses before feeding or pumping. If painful nipples occur, the woman should avoid soaps, oils, and lotions and air the nipples as much as possible. If mastitis occurs, the woman should continue breastfeeding to keep the breast well drained. If engorgement occurs, the woman should use a warm compress before feedings and wear a well-fitting bra 24 hours a day.
Which childhood vaccine provides some protection against epiglottitis, and bacterial pneumonia?
A. Hib vaccine B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. Varicella vaccine D. Influenza vaccine
ANS: Hib conjugate vaccines protect against a number of serious infections caused by H. influenzae type b. Especially bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, and sepsis
Which statement best describes the use of the word “family”?
A. A social unit interacting with the larger society B. Fulfilling the biologic function of perpetuation of the species C. An interpersonal group that is responsible for personality development D. A group that is what an individual considers it to be
ANS: D.
There is no agreement about the definition of family.
The Pediatric Nursing student is educating a mother who plans to discontinue breast-feeding when the infant is 4 months old. The nursing student should advise her to include which foods in her infant’s diet?
A. Iron-rich formula and baby food
ANS: D.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has reaffirmed its position recommending exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age, with continued breastfeeding to at least 1 year of age and beyond as long as is mutually desirable by mother and infant.
The Peds nurse receives a phone call from the Pediatrician for a 6 year old patient who weighs 29 kg for Ceftazidime (Fortaz) 1.5 Gm every 8 hours IV. The therapeutic dosage range is 90-150 mg/kg/24 hours. What should be the best nursing action?
A. Administer the medication because it is within the therapeutic dose range B. Call the MD to clarify the order because it is outside the therapeutic dose range C. Call the MD to clarify the order because it is within the therapeutic dose range D. Notify the Nursing Supervisor and request assistance
ANS: B.
Nurses are accountable for the medications that they administer. An important part of that responsibility is having a working knowledge of drug actions and potential side effects. In addition, nurses should know the safe dose ranges for the drugs with which they work. Before giving any medication, the pediatric nurse must be vigilant to verify that the drug has been dispensed in a dose that is within the recommended range for the child.
Select the vaccines usually given to children at 6 months of age according to the immunization schedule
A. DTaP, Hep A, PCV, HIB B. Tdap, RV, IPV, PCV C. DTaP, RV, Hib, PCV D. Tdap, HIB, IVP
ANS: C.
Parents ask the nurse if there was something that should have been done during the pregnancy to prevent their child’s cleft lip. Which statement should the nurse give as a response?
A. “This is a type of deformation and can sometimes be prevented.” B. “Studies show that taking folic acid during pregnancy can prevent this defect.”
D. Shortness of breath E. Decrease in secretions
ANS: A, C, D.
Common respiratory symptoms dying children experience include cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Eupnea is normal breathing, and secretions increase not decrease.
Select from the list the most effective methods parents can use to minimize their child’s pain after a tonsillectomy. (Select all that apply.)
A. Vigorous gargling B. An ice collar C. Acetaminophen alternating with Ibuprofen D. Brush teeth at least three times per day E. Sipping liquids through a straw
ANS: B, C.
Pain control after a tonsillectomy can be achieved with an application of an ice collar and administration of analgesics. The child should avoid clearing the throat or coughing and does not need to gargle and brush teeth a certain number of times per day and should avoid vigorous gargling and toothbrushing. Also, the child’s activity should be limited to decrease the potential for bleeding, at least for the first few days.
Which of the following age range of children qualify to be included in Early Intervention programs?
A. Birth- B. 6- C. 4- D. 11-
ANS: A.
What is the best method to verify the placement of a nasogastric tube before each use?
A. Radiologic confirmation B. Auscultation of injected air
