NUR 105 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS| LATEST UPDATE 2025|100% PASS, Exams of Nursing

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NUR 105 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS|

LATEST UPDATE 2025|100% PASS

Amylase 4-25 units/mL Bilirubin up to 1.0 mg/100ml Calcium 8.5-10.5 mg/100mL Carbon dioxide 24-30 mEq/L Chloride 100-106 mEq/L

C reactive protein 0-1.0 mg/dL Creatine kinase F: 10-79 U/L M: 17-148 U/L Creatinine 0.6-1.5 mg/100mL Glucose Fasting 70-110 mg/100mL Cholesterol <200 mg/dL

75-100 mmHg on RA

500 mmHg on 100% O Phosphatase 13-39 U/L Phosphorus 3.0-4.5 mg/100mL Potassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Protein (total) 6.0-8.4 g/100mL Protein (albumin) 3.5-5.0 g/100mL

Protein (globulin) 2.3-3.5 g/100mL Sodium 135-145 mEq/L Troponin I 0-0.1 ng/mL Troponin T 0-0.1 ng/mL BUN (urea nitrogen) 8-25 mg/100mL

Platelet Count 150,000-350, Magnesium 1.3-2.1 mEq/L Respiratory Acidosis hypoventilation respiratory depression inadequate chest expansion airway obstruction alveolar-capillary blockage inadequate mechanical ventilation increased CO2 and H+ concentration Respiratory Alkalosis hyperventilation hypoxemia

decreased CO2 and H+ concentration Metabolic Acidosis excess hydrogen ion production inadequate elimination of hydrogen ions inadequate production of bicarbonate excess elimination of bicarbonate decreased HCO3 and increased H+ concentration Metabolic Alkalosis base excess acid deficit increased HCO3 and H+ conservation Respiratory Acidosis (S/S) VS: tachycardia (severe may lead to bradycardia), tachypnea

Metabolic Alkalosis (S/S) VS: tacycardia, normotensive or hypotensive CARDIO: dysrhythmias NEURO: numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, confusion, convulsion RESP: depressed skeletal muscles resulting in ineffective breathing Respiratory Acidosis (TX) O2 therapy, maintain patent airway, enhance gas exchange Respiratory Alkalosis (TX) O2 therapy, anxiety reduction interventions, rebreathing techniques Metabolic Acidosis (TX) varies with cause DKA: insulin admin GI losses: antidiarrheal admin and rehydration decreased bicarb: sodium bicarbonate admi

Metabolic Alkalosis (TX) varies with cause GI losses: antiemetics admin, F&E replacement decreased K+: DC causative agent Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin) released by the posterior pituitary gland regulates water excretion from the kidneys -osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus respond to increase in serum osmolality and decrease in blood volume.... stimulating ADH production and release -ADH acts on the distal tubules of the kidneys, making them more permeable to water and increasing water reabsorption -also released in stressful situations (nausea, pain, surgery, anesthesia, narcotics & nicotine) Aldosterone System (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) helps maintain intravascular fluid balance/blood pressure

Variant: "prinzmetals" due to a coronary artery spasm, often concurring during periods of rest Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) acute respiratory failure mortality rate 25-40% -systemic inflammatory response injures the alveolar-capillary membrane, making it more permeable to large molecules, the lung space is then filled with fluid -reduction in surfactant weakens the alveoli, which causes collapse or filling of fluid, leading to worsening edema ARDS (S/S) dyspnea bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edmea reduced lung compliance diffuse patchy bilateral pulmonary infiltrates severe hypoxemia despite admin of 100% oxygen ARDS (RISK/CAUSES)

localized lung damage aspiration pulmonary emboli pneumonia pulmonary infection sepsis near-drowning trauma damage to CNS smoke/toxic gas inhalation drug ingestion/overdose ARDS (DRUGS) Benzodiazepines Corticosteroids Opioid analgesics Neuromuscular blocking agents Antibiotics Oxygen Delivery Devices - Low Flow

-excessive mucus production Asthma (S/S) dyspnea chest tightness anxiety/stress coughing wheezing mucus production use of accessory muscles prolonged exhalation poor O2 sat barrel chest Asthma (RISK/CAUSES) older adults family history smoking environmental allergies exposure to chemical irritants or dust

GERD

Asthma (DRUGS) bronchodilators (inhalers) -short and long acting beta agonists -anticholinergic -methylxanthines antiinflammatory agents -corticosteroids -leukotriene antagonists combination agents (bronchodilators and antiinflammatory) Status Asthmaticus life-threatening episode of airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatment involve extreme wheezing, labored breathing, use of accessory muscles, distended neck veins, and creates risk for cardiac and respiratory arrest

-NPO 8-12 hr before -gag reflex -encourage cough and deep breathing Q2H Thoracentesis surgical perforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a large- bore needle -to obtain specimens for diagnostic evaluation -instill medications into the pleural space -remove fluid (effusion) or air from the pleural space -local anesthesia at bedside -consent form -orthopnic position -pt remains still Colonoscopy use of a flexible fiber-optic colonoscope, entering through the anus, to visualize rectum and the sigmoid, descending, transverse and ascending colon -moderate sedation

-sims position -bowel prep -increased flatulence due to air instillation Coronary artery disease (CAD) The build up of atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries that restricts blood flow to the heart. Narrowing of the arteries, decreased lumen and blood flow. Several reactions to injury of the artery lining occur in coronary artery disease: -increased permeability of the endothelial cells which allows plasma components to enter the cell -inflammation occurs causing the entry of macrophages and platelets -because of platelet aggregation and plaque (cholesterol and lipids) formation its possible for thrombi to form (which can lead to an embolism and ischemia). CAD (S/S) Chest pain HTN Increased pulse & respirations