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NUR 1022C FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FINAL
EXAM|2025-2026|QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GRADED A+|KEISER UNIVERSITY
Culturally Responsive Care includes 1.Centering the care around the client (Beliefs and values) To deliver care as a nurse
- Examine your own beliefs and attitudes, and bias
- Gain the necessary knowledge and skills
- create a trusting environment to learn culture Subculture Identity related to a larger culture group Mutliculture multiple patterns of identification across cultures, lifestyle, and value sets Ethnicity Shifts over time - migration, intermarriage Nationality Citizenship or ethnicity
- country that you own membership to Religion System beliefs, practices, ethical values about divine or superhuman worshiped as creator or ruler of the universe Enthnocentrism belief that their is superiority of ones own culture and lifestyle
Xenophobia the fear or dislike of people different from oneself Predjudice judgement based on sufficient knowledge - leads to sterotyping Racism Assumptions , races are inherently unequal or ranked hierarchically Discrimination Negative treatment on the bias of race, ethnicity, gender, and other groups of membership Generalization statements about common cultural patterns Sterotyping an individual that reflects all characteristics associated with being a member of a group Acculturation changes of ones cultural patterns to those of the host society (Forced to adopt a new culture) Assimilation Where an individual develops a new cultural identity
- They lose their culture identity and acquire a new one. (Becoming a member of the dominate culture) Health Disparities
- Quality and access of care
- Provider bias
- Provider communication skills
- Poor Health literacy
- Direction and communication
- Supervision and evalution Who can the RN Delegate to LPNs UPAs RNs What can the Rn delegate to the UPAs
- ADLs
- Bathing
- Grooming
- Dressing
- stable Vitals
- Ambulating
- Intake and Output
- Specimen collection What can the Rn Delegate to the LPNs
- Admin Feeding
- Admin Drugs (No IVs)
- Suctioning
- NG Petency
- Insert Cath
- Reinforcing Teaching Authoritarian Leader Makes decisions for the group Democratic Leader Encourages the group to make decisions Laissez-Faire Leader Permissive, Group need autonomy and self-regulation to be effective
Bureaucratic Leader Follows the Org Rules and Polices and Procedures Situational Leader Task Orientated (Adapts to the readiness/ ability of the group to perform task) Charasmatic Leader Emotional Relationships with leader and group Transactional Leader Relationship based on an exchange of something valued by the follower Transformational Leader Empowers the Group to Share Organizations Values Ex.Pro. Sho 1st Level of Management charge nurse Middle Level of Management Nursing Supervisor Upper Level (Top) Management Director of Nursing Authority Legit right to direct the work of others Accountability
- Exudation of various colors Inflammatory response
- Pain
- Swelling (Fluid leaking)
- Redness
- Heat
- Heat Impaired Function Stages of Imflammation
- Vascular and Cellular
- Drainage (Exudation Production)
- Reparative Vascular and Cellular Stage dilation of small blood vessels Histamine is released to injures tissue, increased blood flow Drainage (Exudation Production) Exudate= dead phagocytic cells. tissue and fluid from blood cells Reparative Replacement of destroyed cells by identical / similar cells of formations of granulation Factors increasing susceptibility to infection
- age
- heredity
- nature (# and duration)
- Nutrition
- Medical Treatments (Radiation)
- Medication (Steroids)
- Disease that lesson resistance (COPD)
Anatomic and physiological barriers for protection against infection
- intact skin and moist mucous membrane is the first line of defense.
- Nasal cilia
- Alveolar Macrophages
- Saliva
- Tears
- High acid in Stomach
- Peristalsis
- low pH in Vag
- Urine flow through urethra Sterile Feild All Objects are sterile in the field except skin Prolonged exposure to airborne contaminates Never delegated to a UPA Direct Tansmission person to person
- touching
- biting
- Sex
- Sneezing
- coughing
- Talking Indirect Trasmission Vehicle Borne toys, instruments, equipment eating utensils Vector borne Animal Insect
- keep environment sfae and clean and clear
- use safety monitoring devices (LifeAlert, Bed & Chair Alarms) Seizure precautions
- Pad bed with blankets Around the head, feet and bed side rails
- Oral suction equipment and qxygen flow meter and sup O2 in place
- Assist client to bed or floor in lateral position
- remove any environmental safety hazards
- Remain with client
- Doc- time, duratiom, progression (B4, during and after)
- Client wear medical id tag Phases of diagnostic testing
- Pre test
- Intra test
- Post Test PreTest prep of equipment and supplies Intratest Specimen collection and assiatance
- Label
- Store
- Transport Postest Appropriate nursing care following up and oberservations CBC evaluate 3 types of blood cells
- Hgb
- Hct
- RBS
4. WBC
CBC with Dif evaluate specific #'s of WBCs 5 types
- Neutrophils
- Lymphoyctes
- Mac
- Eosinophins
- Basophils Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Glucose. Kidneys, Acid/Base, Electrolytes, Hypotension, Hypokalemia
- Sodium (Electrotyes)
- Potassium (Electrotyes)
- Chloride (Electrotyes)
- Glucose
- BUN (K)
- Creatinine (K) 7 CO2 (acid base) Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) 14 test
- Sodium (Electrotyes)
- Potassium (Electrotyes)
- Chloride (Electrotyes)
- Glucose
- BUN (K)
- Creatinine (K) 7 CO2 (acid base)
- Albumin
- Alkalin
- ALT
- AST
- Bilirubin Hgb A1c
Clean Catch Sterile procedure Labia cleaned Discard initial urine and midstream is collected UPA CANNOT Time Urine Specimen (24 Hour Test) 24 hour period of collection Refridge or preserved (Prevent bacteria growth) (if missed or stopped) MUST RESTART Sputum collection Offer mouth care (b4 & after) From lungs NOT SPIT breathe deep 15 - 30 ml do not get on outside of container (healthy people do not have sputum) (Label and transport) Capillary blood Glucose Spec collection Lateral side of fingertip measure blood glucose ca be perform by client Anoscopy viewing the anal canal (invasive) Protoscopy Viewing the rectum (invasive) Proctosigmoidoscopy
Viewing of sigmoid colon and rectum (invasive) Colonoscopy Viewing Large intestine Barium Swallow with Xrays upper GI tract - small bowel Fluoroscopic exam Lower GI tract - Enema KUB kidney , urinary, bladder IVP Intravenous Pyelography directly in IV or urinary tract Renal Ultrasound Soundwaves Cystoscopy Direct visualization of bladder, uretal ofifice and urethra Angiography Check for coronary disease (Fluoroscopic view) Enchocardiagram ultrasound to visualize the heart and left ventricle Bronchoscopy
Abdominal Paracentesis Obtain fluid from the Abdomen (Relive pressure on organs) Thoracentesis Removal of access fluid or air from lungs Position client for provider and set up equipment
- Client sitting with arms above head Bone Marrow Biopsy Remove specimen from bone marrow for lab study (leukemia) Bone Marrow Biopsy sites Iliac Crest (preferred) Sternum Iliac spine proximal tibia (child) Liver Biopsy bedside procedure Apply pressure on site to prevent bleeding Lie client on right side for post op compression Clean wound not infected minimal inflammation (not inside Respiratory, GI, GU) (Primarily closed) Clean contaminated wound Surgical wounds (inside Respiratory, GI, GU) show no signs of infection
Contaminated wound Wide open Fresh accident/ surgical wound major sterile break (Large spill in GI tract shows infection Dirty or infected wounds contain dead tissue and shows signs of infection such as drainage Incision wound Cause: Sharp (knife scalpel) Open deep shallow Contusion wound Blow from instrument Closed wound damaged vessels Bruised Abrasion wound Surface scrape (Knew fall) Open wound Puncture wound Penetration of the skin and underlying tissue Sharp instrument Open wound Laceration wound Tissue torn a part Accident (machinery) edges jagged
Stage 4 Pressure Ulcers Damage of bone and muscle tissue Necrosis Prevention of Pressure Ulcers Turn pt q 2 hrs Check skin integrity Clean and dress them Never use alcohol or hydrogen peroxide Client education ROM Risk factors for Wounds Friction Shearing Immobility Inadequate Nutrition Fecal and Urinary incontinence Excessive body Heat/Sweat Decreased mental Status Advanced Age Diabetes Primary Wound Healing Formulation of Granulation Tissue not loss Closed wound Ex first Degree burn, surgical incision Secondary Wound Healing Edges not approximated Repair time longer Scaring greater Ex Pressure Ulcers
Tertiary Wound Healing Initially Left open 3-5 days Edema. Exudate to drain Open abdominal surgery incision Inflammatory Phase of Wound Healing 3 - 6 days Hemostasis (cessation of bleeding) Phagocytosis (cells ingesting other cells) Proliferative Phase of Wound Healing 4 - 21 days Collagen (white protein) Granulation Fibroblasts Maturation Phase of Wound Healing 21 days - 2 years Remodeling or contraction Scar Scar never as strong as original tissue Dehiscence Total or partial rupture of a sutured wound Abdominal wounds Evisceration Protrusion of internal viscera through incision 4 - 5 days after surgery Serous Exudate Mostly serum Watery clear
