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NUR 100 EXAM 1 | 2025 - 2026 |CHAMBERLAIN
COLLEGE|150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS|RATED A+
A nurse is teaching about the goals of Healthy People 2020. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? a) Eliminate health disparities in America. b) Eliminate health behaviors in America. c) Eliminate quality of life in America. d) Eliminate healthy life in America. a) Eliminate health disparities in America. Rationale:The nurse should include eliminating health disparities in America. Healthy People 2020 promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. There are four overarching goals: (1) attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; (2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups; (3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and (4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. A nurse is following the goals of Healthy People 2020 to provide care. Which action should the nurse take? a) Allow people to continue current behaviors to reduce the stress of change. b) Focus only on health changes that will lead to better local communities. c) Create social and physical environments that promote good health.
d) Focus on illness treatment to provide fast recuperation. c) Create social and physical environments that promote good health. Rationale:Healthy People 2020 includes four goals, one of which is to create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. The goals do not include continuing current behaviors to reduce stress, focusing only on health changes for communities, or focusing on fast recuperation. A nurse is using the World Health Organization definition of health to provide care. Which area will the nurse focus on while providing care? a) Focusing on helping patients be disease free b) Providing care that involves the whole person c) Assuring that care is strictly personal in nature d) Directing focus only on the pathological state b) Providing care that involves the whole person Rationale:The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Therefore, nurses' attitudes toward health and illness should consider the total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives. All people free of disease are not necessarily healthy. Strictly personal and a focus only on pathological states do not correlate to WHO's definition.
b) Not eating c) Mental health d) Not seeing family members b) Not eating Rationale: According to Maslow, in all cases an emergent physiological need takes precedence over a higher-level need. Nutrition is a physiological need and should be addressed first. Anxiety, mental health, and not seeing family members are all higher-level needs. The patient is reporting moderate incisional pain that was not relieved by the last dose of pain medication. The patient is not due for another dose of medication for another 2 1/2 hours. The nurse repositions the patient, asks what type of music the patient likes, and sets the television to the channel playing that type of music. Which health care model is the nurse using? a) Health belief model b) Holistic health model c) Health promotion model d) Maslow's hierarchy of needs b) Holistic health model Rationale: The holistic health model recognizes the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporates complementary and alternative interventions such as music therapy. The health belief model addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. The health
promotion model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The basic human needs model believes that the extent to which basic needs are met is a major factor in determining a person's level of health. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. A nurse is assessing internal variables that are affecting the patient's health status. Which area should the nurse assess? a) Perception of functioning b) Socioeconomic factors c) Cultural background d) Family practices a) Perception of functioning Rationale: Internal variables include a person's developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors. External variables influencing a person's health beliefs and practices include family practices, socioeconomic factors, and cultural background. The nurse is admitting a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It is the fourth time the patient is being admitted in the last 6 months for high blood glucose levels. During the admission process, the nurse asks the patient about
d) Passive health promotion Fluoridation of municipal drinking water and fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D are examples of passive health promotion strategies. With active strategies of health promotion, individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs such as weight reduction and smoking cessation programs. Illness prevention activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health. Wellness education teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way. The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations. Which type of preventive care is the nurse providing? a) Primary prevention b) Secondary prevention c) Tertiary prevention d) Risk factor prevention a) Primary prevention Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Primary prevention includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities. Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent
and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration. While risk factor modification is an integral component of health promotion, it is not a type of preventive care. The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with reports of chest discomfort and shortness of breath. The patient is placed on oxygen, has labs and blood gases drawn, and is given an electrocardiogram and breathing treatments. Which level of preventive care is this patient receiving? a) Primary prevention b) Secondary prevention c) Tertiary prevention d) Health promotion b) Secondary prevention Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities for healthy people. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long- term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
a) A person with the risk factor will get the disease. b) The chances of getting the disease are increased. c) Risk modification will have no effect on disease prevention. d) The disease is guaranteed not to develop if the risk factor is controlled. b) The chances of getting the disease are increased. The presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop, but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction. Control of risk factors does not guarantee that a disease will not develop. However, risk factor modification can assist patients in adopting activities to promote health and decrease risks of illness. The nurse is caring for a patient who has been trying to quit smoking. The patient has been smoke free for 2 weeks but had two cigarettes last night and at least two this morning. What should the nurse anticipate? a) The patient does not want to and will never quit smoking. b) The patient must pick up the attempt right where the patient left off. c) The patient will return to the contemplation or precontemplation phase. d) The patient will need to adopt a new lifestyle for change to be effective. c) The patient will return to the contemplation or precontemplation phase.
When relapse occurs, the person will return to the contemplation or precontemplation stage before attempting the change again. The patient cannot pick up the attempt where left off. It is believed that change involves movement through a series of stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance). Anticipating that the patient does not want to and will never quit is premature. While the patient will need to adopt a new lifestyle for change to be effective, it does not correlate to this scenario since the patient relapsed. The nurse is working in a drug rehabilitation clinic and is in the process of admitting a patient for "detox." What should the nurse do next? a) Identify the patient's stage of change. b) Realize that the patient is ready to change. c) Teach the patient that choices will have to change. d) Instruct the patient that relapses will not be tolerated. a) Identify the patient's stage of change. The nurse should identify the stage of change and assess where the patient is currently in this situation. To be most effective, nursing interventions should match the stage of change. The nurse cannot realize the patient is ready for change because only a minority of people are actually in the action stage of changing. While teaching that choices will have to change, it will follow later after the nurse has determined which stage the person is in. As individuals attempt a change in behavior, relapse followed by recycling through the stages occurs frequently.
b) Maintenance c) Preparation d) Action b) Maintenance Because the patient has been alcohol free for 2 years, the patient is in the maintenance stage. These stages range from no intention to change (precontemplation), to considering a change within the next 6 months (contemplation), to making small changes (preparation), to actively engaging in strategies to change behavior (action), to maintaining a changed behavior (maintenance). The patient had a colostomy placed 1 week ago. When approached by the nurse, the patient and their spouse refuse to talk about it and reject the opportunity to be taught about how to care for it. How will the nurse evaluate this couple's stage of adjustment? a) Shock b) Withdrawal c) Acceptance d) Rehabilitation b) Withdrawal As the patient and family recognize the reality of a change, they become anxious and may withdraw, refusing to discuss it. This is an adaptive coping mechanism
that assists the patient in making the adjustment. Initially, the patient may be shocked by the change. This is followed by withdrawal, acknowledgment, acceptance, and rehabilitation (ready to adapt to the change through use of colostomy bag). A patient diagnosed with chronic emphysema (lung disease) states "I would be better off dead." The nurse learns that the patient, has recently become unemployed because of oxygen dependency. The patient's spouse will have to go to work to support the family. Which action should the nurse take? a) Develop a plan of care for the family. b) Contact psychiatric services for a referral. c) Assure the patient that things will work out. d) Focus the plan of care solely on maximizing patient function. a) Develop a plan of care for the family. Because of the effects of chronic illness, family dynamics often change. The nurse must view the whole family as a patient under stress, planning care to help the family regain its maximal level of functioning and well-being. Psychiatric services may be a part of that plan but do not represent the entire plan. Offering false assurance is never acceptable. Focusing only on the patient will not help the family adjust.
a) Patient's perception of the illness b) Patient's coping skills c) Socioeconomic status d) Cultural background e) Social support C, D, E: Socioeconomic status, Cultural background, Social support External variables influencing a patient's illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support. Internal variables include the patient' s perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, as well as the patient's coping skills and locus of control. A nurse meets the following goals: helps a patient maintain health and helps a patient with an illness. Which factors assist the nurse in achieving these goals? (Select all that apply.) a) Understands the challenges of today's health care system. b) Identifies actual and potential risk factors. c) Has coined the term "illness behavior." d) Minimizes the effects of illnesses. e) Experiences compassion fatigue.
A, B, D: Understands the challenges of today's health care system, Identifies actual and potential risk factors, Minimizes the effects of illnesses. Nurses are in a unique position to assist patients in achieving and maintaining optimal levels of health. Nurses understand the challenges of today's health care system. Nurses can identify actual and potential risk factors that predispose a person or group to illness. Nurses who understand how patients react to illness can minimize the effects of illness and assist patients and their families in maintaining or returning to the highest level of functioning. Nurses did not coin the phrase "illness behavior." While nurses can experience compassion fatigue, it does not help in meeting patient goals. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health? a) Florence Nightingale b) Mary Nutting c) Clara Barton d) Lillian Wald a) Florence Nightingale Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing
c) Competent d) Advanced beginner a) Novice A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care. A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating? a) Licensure b) Autonomy c) Certification d) Accountability b) Autonomy
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse implementing? a) Educator b) Manager c) Advocate d) Caregiver b) Manager A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
