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Protein Metabolism and Nutrition Exam Questions with Solutions, Exams of Advanced Education

University of North Georgia (UNG)Advanced Education

A comprehensive overview of protein metabolism, covering essential aspects such as the building blocks of protein (amino acids), their types, and the differences between complete and incomplete proteins. It delves into the functions of protein in the body, including structural, transport, enzymatic, hormonal, immune, and energy roles, as well as the consequences of protein deficiencies and excessive intake. Additionally, it addresses topics like bmi, body composition testing, eating disorders, and healthy weight loss plans, offering a detailed guide for understanding protein's role in nutrition and health. Useful for students studying nutrition, dietetics, or related health sciences, providing a solid foundation in protein metabolism and its implications for overall health and wellness.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/20/2025

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NUFS 163 Exam 2 With Complete
Solution
What are the building blocks of protein? How many are there? What are the 2
types? - ANSWER The building block of protein is amino acid. There is 20
amino acids. 2 Types of are Essential (9) and Nonessential (11)
What is a dipeptide? Tripeptide? Polypeptide? - ANSWER Dipeptide - two
amino acids (AA) bonded together
Tripeptide - three amino acids bonded together
Polypeptide - more than three amino acids bonded together (50-100 AA)
How many calories are in a gram of protein? - ANSWER 4 calories are in a
gram of protein
What's the difference between a complete protein and incomplete one? -
ANSWER The difference between a complete protein and incomplete protein
is
Complete protein - a protein that provides all the essential amino acids that
your body needs.
- Contain adequate amounts of all 9 essential AA
- Are found in animal foods
- Contains a higher concentration of protein
Incomplete protein - are usually animal sources of protein, such as meat, fish,
poultry, dairy products, and egg
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Download Protein Metabolism and Nutrition Exam Questions with Solutions and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

NUFS 1 63 Exam 2 With Complete

Solution

What are the building blocks of protein? How many are there? What are the 2 types? - ANSWER The building block of protein is amino acid. There is 20 amino acids. 2 Types of are Essential (9) and Nonessential (11) What is a dipeptide? Tripeptide? Polypeptide? - ANSWER Dipeptide - two amino acids (AA) bonded together Tripeptide - three amino acids bonded together Polypeptide - more than three amino acids bonded together (50-100 AA) How many calories are in a gram of protein? - ANSWER 4 calories are in a gram of protein What's the difference between a complete protein and incomplete one? - ANSWER The difference between a complete protein and incomplete protein is Complete protein - a protein that provides all the essential amino acids that your body needs.

  • Contain adequate amounts of all 9 essential AA
  • Are found in animal foods
  • Contains a higher concentration of protein Incomplete protein - are usually animal sources of protein, such as meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, and egg
  • Limiting AA: A deficiency of one or more essential AA Legumes (methionine) Grains (Lysine)
  • Plant foods are incomplete proteins
  • Contains a smaller concentration of protein What is a "limiting amino acid"? - ANSWER A limiting amino acid is a deficiency of one or more essential amino acid. What element makes proteins different than carbs and fats? - ANSWER Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen What percentage of our diet should be protein (the AMDR)? - ANSWER 10 - 35% of protein What is the RDA for protein for most Americans? - ANSWER Adult RDA is 0. g/kg per day Do athletes need more protein? If so, how much more and what types of athletes need the most? - ANSWER - Additional protein is often recommended to help support or promote increases in muscle tissue.
  • Obtain about 15 percent or more of daily energy intake from protein for atheletes
  • College wrestlers - about 48 of protein a day What are the main functions of protein? Deficiencies? - ANSWER - Structural: form vital constituents of all cells in the body
  • Transport: transport various substances in blood (i.e lipoproteins)
  • Enzyme: forms almost all enzymes to regulate diverse processes

Creatine-muscle production/fast muscle growth What food groups of the ChooseMyPlate have the most/least protein? - ANSWER Most: meat/meat subsititutes/legumes Least: Grains/vegetables/fruit/fat What does BMI measure? What does it predict? What is the goal BMI value? - ANSWER Measures: height to weight ratio (body weight in Kg)/(height in m^2) Predict: health risks associated with being overweight/obese Goal: get it in the healthy range of 18.5-25. Who may be misclassified as overweight or obest using the BMI? - ANSWER Athletes, especially body builders are misclassified as obese or overweight What is body composition testing? - ANSWER Body composition testing lets you know how much of your body is or is not fat

  • Underwater weighing
  • Air displacement plethysmography (APD)
  • Skinfolds technique
  • Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA, DEXA) Why is this more predictive than BMI? - ANSWER This is more predictive of BMI as it take into account that muscle weighs more than fat What are the 3 main eating disorders? The common characteristics of each? - ANSWER Anorexia Nervosa :
  • BMI below 18.
  • Body Dysmorphia (Seeing yourself as bigger than you are)
  • Refusal to maintain a healthy weight/eat more
  • Intense fear of gaining weight/becoming fat
  • Ammenhorea (loss of period for 3+ consecutive months)
  • Potentially leads to anemia, weak heart, suicide Bulimia Nervosa :
  • At least 2 binge eating episodes a week for three months
  • Lack of control over eating
  • Regular use of self induced vomiting, laxative/diuretic/exercise abuse
  • May be healthy/weight/overweight
  • Concern with body shape/image
  • May cause erosion of tooth enamel, tears in esophagus, low electrolytes (only if vomiting) Can be diagnosed if:
  • Eat too quickly
  • Eat when not hungry
  • Eat past the point of being comfortably full
  • Eat alone because of embarrassment
  • Feeling disgusted/embarrassed/guilty Binge Eating Disorder :
  • Eat too quickly
  • Eat when not hungry
  • Eat past the point of being comfortably full
  • Eat alone because of embarrassment
  • Feeling disgusted/embarrassed/guilty Binge Eating Disorder :
  • Same as Bulimia Nervosa without purging
  • Can lead to weight gain/obesity, coronary heart disease, cancer

What groups of people are more at risk of eating disorders? - ANSWER - College students

  • Females
  • Athletes

What is amenorrhea? Why does it typically occur? - ANSWER - Loss of menstrual cycle

  • Lack of eating/over exercising =hormone imbalance=loss of period Disturbance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis

What is the Female Athlete Triad? - ANSWER - Disordered eating

  • Amenhorrea
  • Osteoporosis

What is a VLCD? It's strengths? Limitations? - ANSWER - Very Low Calorie Diet

  • "Fast fix" weight loss for those who are dangerously overweight
  • Does not teach sustainable weight loss/eating plans :
  1. Most patients rapidly gain all the weight back
  2. Weakness, loss of libido, decreased blood volume, constipation, decreased HDL, cardiac arrythmias

What percentage of American adults are overweight and/or obese? - ANSWER 2 out of 3 adults are overweight or obese

What is android vs. gynoid obesity? Is one worse than the other? Why? - ANSWER Gynoid: lower - body obesity (gynoid pear shape)

  • Gluteal-femoral region
  • Hips, buttocks, thighs Android : upper - body obesity (android apple shape)
  • Abdominal region
  • Visceral fat

Children - 1 pound/per week

How many calories does it take to gain/lose a pound of body fat? - ANSWER 3,500 calories

What are some common behavioral strategies that can assist with weight loss? - ANSWER Foods to eat :

  • Use low-Calorie healthful foods for snacks
  • Plan low-Calorie, high-nutrient meals
  • Plan your food intake for the entire day
  • Eat only foods that require no or minimal processing
  • Allow yourself small amounts of foods you like, but stay within daily caloric limits
  • Know the Food Exchange system, particularly portion size and high-fat foods and Calories per exchange Food purchasing :
  • Do not shop when hungry
  • Prepare a shopping list and do not deviate from it
  • Buy only nutrient-dense foods
  • Read and compare food labels
  • Buy natural foods as much as possible
  • Food preparation and serving
  • Buy mainly foods that require preparation of some type
  • Do not add fats or sugar in preparation, if possible prepare only small amounts.
  • Be able to visualize one serving size for any given food
  • Do not use serving bowls on the table
  • Put the food on the plate, preferably a small one Location :
  • Eat in only one place, such as the kitchen or dining area
  • Avoid food areas such as the kitchen or snack table at a party
  • Avoid restaurants where you are most likely to buy high-Calorie items Restaurant eating :
  • When eating out, select the low-Calorie items
  • Request your meals be prepared without fat
  • Have condiments, like butter, mayonnaise, and salad dressineg served on the side; use sparingly
  • Order water, not a high-Calorie beverage
  • Be wary of portion sizes as most restaurant servings contain 2-3 normal servings.
  • Ask for a take-home container before you eat and put half of your meal in the box.
  • Keep track of foods rich in fat and sugar

What is the FITT principle? How should its components be altered to assist with weight loss? - ANSWER FITT principle - is a way of monitoring your exercise program Frequency - refers to the frequency of exercise undertaken or how often you exercise. Intensity - refers to the intensity of exercise undertaken or how hard you exercise. Time - refers to the time you spend exercising or how long you exercise for. Type - refers to the type of exercise undertaken or what kind of exercise you do.

Do weight loss experts believe you should focus on only diet changes? Activity changes? Or both? Why? - ANSWER Both, Combination of dieting and exercise is the most effective approach to weight control

  • A proper diet can control energy intake
  • A proper aerobic and resistance exercise program provides multiple benefits
    1. Expends caloric energy
    2. Prevent decrease in lean body mass
    3. Maintain resting energy expenditure ( REE)
  1. Exercise may improve dietary compliance