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Nuclear Engineering Exam: Isotopes, Nucleus, Radiation, and Reactions, Exams of Nuclear Engineering

University of KentNuclear Engineering

Questions from a nuclear engineering exam covering topics such as isotopes, excited states, nucleus composition, radiation, and reactions. It includes multiple-choice questions and true or false statements.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Uploaded on 02/09/2024

EmmaMoss
EmmaMoss 🇬🇧

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Nuclear Engineering Exam 1
1. By definition, isotopes of the same element have different numbers of
A. neutrons
B. protons
C. electrons
D. nucleons
A
2. The atomic mass number A is the same as the mass of an atom
True or False
false
3. The lowest energy state of a nucleus is called the ground state
True or False
true
4. Higher energy states are called excited states
True or False
True
5. The mass of a nucleus is
A. less than the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons
B. equal to the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons
C. greater then the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons
D. equal to the number of its nucleons multiplied by 1/12 the mass of a 12C
atom
A
6. Hg (mercury) has 80 protons and has an isotope with 118 neutrons. What is its
proper notation?
A. 118 80Hg
B. 80 118Hg
C. 118 198Hg
D. 80 198Hg
D
7. The microscopic neutron cross-section is measured in
barn and cm^2
8. What determines Chemical & Electrical properties of the Atom?
Electron structure
9. What determines Nuclear properties of the atom?
Nucleus composition
10.Z = constant
isotopes
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Download Nuclear Engineering Exam: Isotopes, Nucleus, Radiation, and Reactions and more Exams Nuclear Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. By definition, isotopes of the same element have different numbers of A. neutrons B. protons C. electrons D. nucleons A
  2. The atomic mass number A is the same as the mass of an atom True or False false
  3. The lowest energy state of a nucleus is called the ground state True or False true
  4. Higher energy states are called excited states True or False True
  5. The mass of a nucleus is A. less than the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons B. equal to the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons C. greater then the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons D. equal to the number of its nucleons multiplied by 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom A
  6. Hg (mercury) has 80 protons and has an isotope with 118 neutrons. What is its proper notation? A. 118 80Hg B. 80 118Hg C. 118 198Hg D. 80 198Hg D
  7. The microscopic neutron cross-section is measured in barn and cm^
  8. What determines Chemical & Electrical properties of the Atom? Electron structure
  9. What determines Nuclear properties of the atom? Nucleus composition
  10. Z = constant isotopes
  1. N = constant isotones
  2. A = constant isobars
  3. Z = constant and A = constant isomers
  4. #p = constant isotopes
  5. #p + #n = constant isobars
  6. The shell nearest the nucleus is named K
  7. The mass number for an electron is 0
  8. How does a nucleus move from one energy level to another? A. emits radiation B. gains excitation energy C. emits or gains discrete packets of energy D. all of the above D
  9. The radius, R, of a nucleus is proportional to a^1/
  10. SI relative and absolute temp relative: celsius absolute: kelvin
  11. AES relative and absolute temp relative: Fahrenheit absolute: rankine
  12. USCS relative and absolute temp relative: Fahrenheit absolute: rankine
  13. used to describe physical quantities dimensions or units?
  1. massless particles photon and neutrino
  2. radiant energy electromagnetic energy
  3. soft radiation x-rays
  4. hard radiation gamma rays more energy and causes more damage
  5. ionizing radiation is radiation in the region of -cosmic rays -tv and radio waves -x rays -gamma rays -ultraviolet radiation -infrared radiation -microwaves cosmic rays, x rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation
  6. free neutron is stable true or false false
  7. what is an antiparticle of proton? anti-proton
  8. what is an approximate rest mass of proton in MeV/c^2?
  9. annihilation radiation energy emitted when particle and its anti-particle collide and disappear
  10. what is a free neutron unbounded neutron. unstable
  11. What is the charge of a proton? 1
  12. The branch of physics devoted to this wave description of particles is called A. quantum mechanics B. nuclear physics C. statics

D. relativistic mechanics A

  1. Compare mass of proton and mass of electron? m(proton) > m(electron)
  2. What is the anti-particle for electron? positron
  3. Heavy nuclei that fission have lower value for binding energy per nucleon than products of fission True or false true
  4. an electron volt is A. in orbit around a nucleus b. 1/12 the mass of 12C atom c. excited state of an electron d. a unit of energy d
  5. Chart of Nuclides is arranged so that the ___________ number changes on the vertical axis and the _____________ number changes on the horizontal axis proton; neutron
  6. Which of the following is always true? a. heavy stable nuclei have more protons than neutrons b. nuclides in line of stability have balanced number of neutrons and protons c. heavy nuclides have equal number of neutrons and protons d. nuclides to the left of line of stability have more neutrons than protons b
  7. To determine the average binding energy per nucleon for given isotope, you can divide total binding energy by mass # true or false true
  8. mass of a nucleus is a. less than sum of masses of individual nucleons b. greater than sum of masses of individual nucleons c. equal to # of nucleons multiplied by 1/12 mass of 12C atom d. equal to sum of masses of individual nucleons a

e. all statements b

  1. name 3 possible neutron/nucleus reactions we consider in this course -radioactive decay -fission reaction -fusion reaction -elastic/inelastic scattering -n capture
  2. binding energy decreases with increasing Z true or false false
  3. initial reactant is a single atom or nucleus that spontaneously changes by emitting one or more particles radioactive decay
  4. two nuclear particles (nucleons, nuclei, or photons) interact to form different nuclear particles binary reaction
  5. the probability of obtaining a specific reaction outcome doesn't depend on KE of incident reactants and mechanism by which products are produced true or false false
  6. Q value for exothermic reaction Q > 0
  7. Q value for endothermic reaction Q < 0
  8. heavy nuclei that fission have lower value for binding energy per nucleon than products of fission true or false true
  9. mass defect it defined as the difference between sum of __________ masses and sum of _____________ masses initial; final
  10. for radioactive decay to occur spontaneously, must be exothermic i.e. mass must decrease in decay process and energy must be emitted true or false true
  1. for a given pair of reactants, many possible sets of products are possible true or false true
  2. which of the following interactions releases the most energy? a. radiative capture b. inelastic scattering c. fission d. elastic scattering e. charged particle emission c
  3. Why are PWR and BWR reactors called light water reactors? they use H2O also known as "light water" as a moderator and coolant
  4. How do we control the fission rate in reactor? Name at least 1 option. We can control the fission rate in a reactor by introducing a substance that absorbs neutrons. One option is control rods.
  5. What is the moderator in PWR reactor? water
  6. A neutron emerging from fission most probably is a. slow b. intermediate c. thermal d. fast d
  7. Why do we need moderator in PWR and BWR reactors? We need a moderator to slow down neutrons released from fission reactions (to maybe use neutron again to start another fission reaction)
  8. A gamma ray cascade is typical of which neutron interaction? a. fission b. charged particle emission c. elastic scattering d. radiative capture d
  9. Which of the following neutron interactions is most likely to produce alpha particle? a. elastic scattering b. inelastic scattering c. fission

find resultant scattered neutron energy in keV

  2. What is max possible angle for neutron scattered from hydrogen? 90 degrees

  3. for an inelastic scattering the incident neutron KE must exceed a certain threshold energy true or false true

  4. KE is observed for inelastic scattering true or false false

  5. in elastic scattering: KE of scattered neutron is _______________ (smaller/larger) than energy of incident neutron by amt equal to energy acquired by recoiling nucleus smaller

  6. the disintegration process of compound nucleus if dependent on original mode of formation true or false false

  7. good moderator has low alpha (collision parameter) true or false true

  8. calculate average energy loss for neutron in elastic scattering with stationary nucleus A = 28, if initial neutron energy is E = 285 keV

  9. at high energy, a neutron's lethargy is _________ (low/high) low

  10. as neutrons slow down and neutron's energy decreases, lethargy ________________ (increases/decreases) increases

  11. 1st energy excited state of atom is increasing with atomic number A true or false false

  12. What is collision parameter (alfa) for nuclide with A=

  13. explain why scattering of neutrons by hydrogen is unique masses of neutron and hydrogen nucleus (proton) are essentially equal