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NU2520 Exam 3 Study Guide
With Complete Solution
Morals - ANSWER judgement about behavior based on specific beliefs
Value - ANSWER deeply held belief about the worth of an idea, attitude, custom, or object that affects choices and behaviors, reflects cultural and social influences
Bioethics - ANSWER a branch of ethics in the field of health care, like dealing with transplants
Autonomy - ANSWER freedom from external control, patients can make their own decisions and be informed about what is happening, involving patients in decisions
Beneficence - ANSWER taking positive actions to help others
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER agree to do no harm, avoidance of harm or hurt, balance the risks and benefits of procedures
Justice - ANSWER equality vs. equity, fairness and the distribution of resources
Fidelity - ANSWER advocating for patient, faithfulness and agreement to keep promises, follow through on promises you make, like relieving pain, do your job
Ethical dilemma - ANSWER two opposing courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles
Moral distress - ANSWER feeling the need to take a specific action while believing that action to be wrong
ANA Code of Ethics - ANSWER nursing ethics principles
Advocacy - ANSWER the application of one's skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person, advocate for health, safety, and rights of patients
Responsibility - ANSWER scope and standards of nursing, applying policies and procedures
Accountability - ANSWER whether you will meet the outcomes and be accountable for mistakes, answering for your own actions, making sure that your actions are explainable to your patient and your employer
Confidentiality - ANSWER health care team's obligation to respect patient privacy, fundamental to trust between nurse and patient, HIPAA
assessment for spiritual health - ANSWER Expresses desire for enhanced acceptance, coping, courage, hope, joy, love, meaning/purpose in life, philosophy of life, self-forgiveness, serenity, mediation, proves service to others, asks others for forgiveness, wants interactions with significant others, wants to meet with spiritual leaders, creative energy, listens to music, reads spiritual literature, spends time outdoors, expresses awe, reverence, participates in religious activities, prays, mystical experiences
Religion - ANSWER part of spirituality, but spirituality is not necessarily religion, concept and social system that supports group expression of belief
Spirituality - ANSWER an awareness of one's inner self and sense of connection to a higher being
faith importance community address - ANSWER FICA
adaptation to stress
Symptoms of sleep deprivation - ANSWER irritability, cognitive impairment, memory loss, impaired judgement, yawning, hallucinations, ADHD like sx, impaired immunity, risk of type 2 DM, increased HR variability, increased risk of heart disease, decreased reaction time, tremors, aches, growth suppression, obesity, decreased temperature
Neonates - ANSWER 16 hours
infants - ANSWER 15
toddlers - ANSWER 12
school age - ANSWER 9-
adolescents - ANSWER 8-
young adults - ANSWER 6-8.
middle adults - ANSWER 7-
older adults - ANSWER varies but may have sleep problems
Factors affecting sleep - ANSWER drugs and substances, lifestyle, usual sleep patterns, emotional stress, environment, exercise and fatigue, food and caloric intake
Insomnia - ANSWER symptom patients have when chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep, and/or short sleep or nonrestorative sleep, may be transient or chronic
Sleep apnea - ANSWER unable to breathe and sleep at the same time, lack of airflow for 10 sec to 1-2 mins, can be different types, causes excessive daytime sleepiness
Narcolepsy - ANSWER excessive daytime sleepiness, falling asleep during the day, cataplexy (muscle weakness with intense emotions)
Sleep deprivation - ANSWER caused by a sleep disorder, insufficient, or disrupted sleep, can be caused by illness, emotional stress, medications, environmental disturbances, etc.
focused assessment of a client with sleep alterations - ANSWER Ask patient or their family, Can use sleepiness scale or sleep quality index to see if further testing is needed, sleep history
Sleep history - ANSWER description of sleeping problems, usual sleep pattern, physical and psychological illness, current life events, emotional and mental status, bedtime routines, bedtime environment, and behaviors of sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation - ANSWER Can cause physical changes, changes in mood, early morning activity, communication, difficulty processing, decreased attention span
nursing interventions designed to promote normal sleep cycles - ANSWER Environmental controls, promote bedtime routines, promote safety, promote comfort, promote activity during day, reduce stress, bedtime snacks (adults only), pharmacological approaches, better sleep hygiene (things associated with bed)
nursing interventions to help alleviate loneliness - ANSWER Active listening, assess for suicide, explore ways to increase support system, show respect for person, assess if person is alone by choice
Channels - ANSWER means of conveying and receiving messages
Feedback - ANSWER message the receiver returns
Interpersonal variables - ANSWER factors that influence communication
Environment - ANSWER the setting for sender-receiver interactions
Verbal communication - ANSWER vocabulary, intonation, no pacing, clarity, brevity, timing, relevance, know the different types of learners, pay attention to attention span
Nonverbal communication - ANSWER personal appearance, posture and gait, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, sounds, personal space
SBAR - ANSWER situation, background, assessment, recommendation, reflection
Situation - ANSWER you, unit, patient's name, room number, what problem is, be succinct
Background - ANSWER relevant information, admitting diagnosis, date of admission, relevant history, code status, allergies, vital signs, LOC, pain, etc.
Assessment - ANSWER how the problem seems to be and how serious it is
Recommendation - ANSWER what is your recommendation or what do you need from the provider
CUS - ANSWER concern, uncomfortable, safe. Helps communicate concerns or issues in a respectful way
Concern - ANSWER "I am concerned"
Uncomfortable - ANSWER "I am uncomfortable"
Safe - ANSWER "this is a safety issue"
factors involved in professional collaboration - ANSWER Who has the stake in the outcome - patient, doctor, etc., Identify the problem to be solved, Identify barriers/road blocks on the road to the solution, Clarity the desired
Assertiveness - ANSWER expressing feelings and ideas without judging or hurting others. This includes intermittent eye contact, reflecting interest honesty and active listening, confident voice, communicating feelings, taking responsibility, using "I" phrases - assertive is a good thing
"I message" - ANSWER "I want" "I feel" "I need"
Negotiation - ANSWER Each person gets something they want in exchange for giving the other person what they want while making sacrifices
Compromise - ANSWER Neither person gets exactly what they want but they settle on a middle ground
Problem-solving - ANSWER Finding a solution to a difficult or complex issue
Collaboration - ANSWER Working with each other as a team to achieve a goal
patient centered interventions in de-escalation - ANSWER Empathy, collaboration, Verbal de-escalation is better than other strategies like medications or restraints, Avoiding restraints reduces injuries all around
basic principles of verbal de-escalation - ANSWER respect personal space, do
not be provocative, establish verbal contact, be concise, identify needs and wants, listen closely to what patient says, agree or agree to disagree, set clear limits, offer choices and optimism, debrief the patient and staff
clinical Care Coordination - ANSWER Coordination and planning of care, primary focus on identifying desired outcomes with patient and physician, communication, listening, collaboration, respect, open communication, keeping team members up to date
purpose of delegation of nursing care. - ANSWER Frees time for other tasks, helps set priority, involves others so share responsibility, team work, increases autonomy
five rights of delegation - ANSWER right task, right person, right direction, right supervision, and right circumstances
Right task - ANSWER within scope of practice, no judgement required, not complex, predictable
Right person - ANSWER qualified, oriented
Right direction - ANSWER describe the goal, expectation, and limitation, give clear specific directions, clear, concise, correct, complete
safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization, consider what level someone is on when pitching health promotion idea to them
Holistic health model - ANSWER health involves body, mind, and spirit, dynamic interaction between emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects, patient is at center of care, recognize natural healing ability of the body, includes yoga, meditation, music, guided imagery, essential oils, and relaxation
Internal variables - ANSWER development stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors, motivation
External variables - ANSWER family practice, psychosocial, economic, cultural background, inspiration, environment
Primary prevention - ANSWER health promotion and specific promotion (ex: vaccines)
Secondary prevention - ANSWER early diagnosis, prompt treatment
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER restoration and rehabilitation, this is the hospital's role
factors involved in motivation to improve one's personal health. - ANSWER Face to face dialogue, provide support (peer group, etc.), faith groups, motivational interview technique, active listening, ask about barriers to motivation, establish goals for change, identify time lines, written or video resources for visual learners, consider developmental level, identify family as significant support, reinforce process of change, ask preferred method of learning
Motivational interviewing - ANSWER ask permission, reflective listening, open-ended questions, eliciting response "what do you think", affirmation, working with a scale to build confidence and empower, summary, how will success look?
