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NU 629-Exam 1-Adv Health Promotion &
Disease Prevention ~ Pender Ch 1,2,4 &
DeChesnay Ch 1-8,11-13,15,22,36 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Health Disparity correct answer: a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage Vulnerability correct answer: general concept meaning of "susceptibility" and has a specific connotation in health care as "at risk for health problems." Patient Advocacy correct answer: safeguarding autonomy, acting on the patient's behalf, and championing social justice Health Access correct answer: the ability of a person to receive healthcare related services Resilience correct answer: the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats Cultural Competence correct answer: is a way of practicing one's profession by being sensitive to the differences in cultures of one's constituents and acting in a way that is respectful of the client's values and traditions while performing those activities or procedures necessary for the client's well-being.
Cultural Values correct answer: beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned Social work correct answer: a profession whose primary concern is how human needs can be met within society Community correct answer: assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area Global Society correct answer: seeing the world as one large community of multicultural people Simulation Activity correct answer: provide a setting in which participants can practice communication and problem solving as well as develop self-awareness. Cross-cultural communication exercises for physicians can help them develop the skills needed to overcome barriers in this regard. Social Justice correct answer: the equitable measuring of benefits and burdens in society. Changing social relationships and institutions to promote equitable relationships Forms of Justice correct answer: Awareness, amelioration, and transformation Social, distributive, and market justice health illiteracy correct answer: the ability to read and comprehend prescription bottles, appointment slips, and other essential health-related materials required to successfully function as a patient
inconvenient to the medical profession and some governments. These unethical clinical medical studies usually were performed using vulnerable populations and occurred in developed as well as developing countries. These situations forced the development of more restrictive national and international ethical code recommendations on how to conduct research with vulnerable populations. Community Based Participatory Research correct answer: research in which community members are involved in all phases of the research process, contributing their expertise while sharing ownership and responsibility over the research Quantitative correct answer: Data that is in numbers. Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity (number) of something rather than its quality. Qualitative correct answer: Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements. Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity. Immersion Programs correct answer: are powerful learning experiences at all levels because they enable participants to experience different cultures out of their usual safe context. Immersion programs are probably the best way to induce cultural competence, although they are costly and time consuming. Screening correct answer: To test or examine for the presence of something (as a disease)
Preventative Services correct answer: Any health maintenance test and procedure will be documented as a preventative service to maintain an overall picture of patients health maintenance procedures Levels of Prevention correct answer: Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early detection Tertiary: treat- to prevent further deterioration, rehab Sex Trafficking correct answer: The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. Native Americans correct answer: a member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Aday correct answer: published a framework for studying vulnerable populations that incorporated the World Health Organization's (1948) dimensions of health (physical, psychological, and social) into a model of relationships between individual and community on a variety of policy levels Marginalization correct answer: treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral, discrimination, poor access to health care, and resultant illnesses and traumas from environmental dangers or violence that make them vulnerable to a wide range of health problems.
Self-Efficacy correct answer: A system of self-monitoring where an individual judges his or her capability to carry out a behavior or course of action. The perception of one's ability to perform a task successfully. A situation-specific form of self- confidence Adherence correct answer: an agreement (or goal concordance) between or among a patient, family, and healthcare provider in determining necessary persistence in the practice and maintenance of desired, recommended health behaviors. A group of characteristics that leads to an outcome of improved health outcomes. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) correct answer: Model of individual health behavior that integrates processes of change and theoretical principles from multiple leading theories across several disciplines. Is a stage-based model that takes into account an individual's readiness to change and views behavior change as a process that occurs over time and not as a finite event. Intervention messages and strategies are based on appropriate processes of change and are developed and matched to an individual's readiness to change. There are five main stages of change and ten processes of change. In order for an individual to take action and maintain a behavior change, that person must perceive that the benefits, or pros, of change outweigh the cons (decisional balance). Situational self-efficacy -the confidence one feels in his or her ability to resist relapsing and engaging in an unhealthy or high-risk behavior in specific, tempting situations —is the final key construct.
Social Support middle-range concepts correct answer: address the structure and interactions of social support systems within relationships. Social support systems can include family members, significant others, friends, and community groups. Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality correct answer: seven cultural and social structure dimensions: (1) technological, (2) religious and philosophical, (3) kinship and social, (4) political and legal, (5) economic, (6) educational, and (7) cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways. The theory describes diverse healthcare systems as ranging from folk beliefs and practices to nursing and other healthcare professional systems often utilized by people around the world. Integrative middle-range concepts and theories correct answer: Health-Related Quality of life has been broadly defined as satisfaction with life, and has three primary aspects: assessment of well-being, broad domains (e.g., physical, psychological, economic, spiritual, social), and the definition includes components of each domain Watson's Theory of Human Caring correct answer: Key concepts in this theory include nursing, person, health, human care, and environment. Has particular relevance to nursing ethics The Chronic Care Model (CCM) correct answer: is a population-based model that outlines a planned approach to chronic disease care delivery. The goal is to provide high quality, comprehensive care that helps to improve disease management, mitigate complications of diseases, and improve health outcomes at the population level.
- The theory of self-care states that care is a learned behavior that purposely regulates human structural integrity, functioning, and development.
- The theory of nursing systems describes how nurses use their abilities to prescribe, design, and provide nursing care. Emic correct answer: approach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an insider Roy's Adaptation Model correct answer: Uses a problem- solving approach for gathering data, identifying the capacities and needs of the human adaptive system, selecting and implementing approaches for nursing care, and evaluating the outcome of the care provided. This approach includes assessment of behavior and stimuli and is consistent with the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Etic correct answer: approach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an outsider King's Interacting Systems Model correct answer: Conceptual system provides a comprehensive view of three dynamic interacting systems—personal, interpersonal, and social. Her theory of goal attainment has been used as the basis for practice, education, research, and administration. According to this theory, the goal of nursing is to help individuals maintain their health so they can function in their roles. Rogers's Unitary Human Beings Model correct answer: Theory to describe humans and the life process in humans.
Four critical elements are basic to the proposed system: energy fields, open systems, pattern, and pandimensionality. Roper, Logan, And Tierney's Activities Of Living Model correct answer: This model consists of five components: activities of daily living, life span, dependence-independence continuum, factors influencing activities of daily living, and individuality in living. Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model correct answer: Includes four concepts: the view of the person, health, nursing, and environment. This model describes the individual as a system with physiological, psychological, and social component. The individual is viewed an unstable system for which equilibrium is a desirable state but occurs only through death. Neuman's Healthcare Systems Model correct answer: The major concepts are the person, health, nursing, and the environment. Uses a systems approach to explain how these elements interact in ways that provide nurses with guidance to intervene with patients, families, or communities. Health is that of a continuum rather than a dichotomy of health versus illness. goals of health promotion correct answer: help people of all ages stay healthy, optimize what health is for those with disease, create healthy environments
National Health Promotion Goals (3) correct answer: 1-help people of all ages stay healthy 2-optimize health 3-create healthy environments history of health correct answer: from Greeks- health cannot be separated from physical and social environment, illness is an upset of the equilibrium between environmental forces and individual habits health as a concept began in 1000AD correct answer: -healthy means in tune with nature -unhealthy means unbalanced what is the concept of illness in history correct answer: Health is the absence of disease History of mental health correct answer: 19th century, often viewed as evil spirits. In WWII we began to identify mental health as an illness Landmark definition of health correct answer: Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. this definition reflects wholeness WHO definition of mental health correct answer: State of wellbeing in which individuals realize their potential, can manage usual life stresses, work effectively, and participate in their community (p.8)
T/F: health and illness are qualitatively different however interrelated correct answer: True Health as stability theorist correct answer: Florence and Johnson: Health is based on homeostasis, health is the degree to which an individual can adjust to their environment health as actualization theorist correct answer: Newman, Orem, Roy, Rogers: health is actualization of human potential health as actualization and stability theorist correct answer: King: health is the realization of human potential through goal directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others while adapting to meet the demands of everyday life and maintain harmony with social and physical environment Six conceptions of health promotion correct answer: participation, empowerment, holism, intersectional equity, sustainability, multiple strategies (p.20) health as an asset correct answer: started in 1986, health as a resource, an asset, focus on strength health as a holistic experience correct answer: an expansive view of health emphasizes personal and social resources, as well as physical capacities and can integrate with the biomedical model
4-promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages according to healthy people 2020, who is responsible for interventions correct answer: individual is responsible for lifestyle and behaviors healthcare providers offer preventative services and behavior monitoring community partnerships promote health Transtheoretical model of health promotion correct answer: a model used to explain behavior changes, used successfully for stress management, sun exposure, smoking cessation, alcohol and drug cessation, medication compliance, diet and weight, breast and cervical cancer screening, evidence-based practice correct answer: nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale When planning health promotion, needs are prioritized based on what 3 things correct answer: Nursing process Maslows Hierarchy of needs Growth and developmental level vulnerability correct answer: susceptibility "at risk for health problems, either physical, psychological, or social" six groups with greater-than average risk of health problems correct answer: young children, elderly, racial minorities, pregnant women, poor, handicapped
Concepts and theory match - ADAY correct answer: variable influencing health care Concepts and theory match - Sebastian correct answer: marginalization Concepts and theory match - Lessick correct answer: persons within systems Concepts and theory match - Flaskerud correct answer: resource availability Concepts and theory match - Kerpati correct answer: ecological approach Concepts and theory match - Spiers correct answer: Emic (point of view of person) and etic (externally defined by others) perspectives institute of medicine study, what did it do correct answer: studied the extent of racial and ethnic differences in health care and recommend interventions to eliminate health disparities IRB and Lay Members correct answer: mandated inclusion of a lay person to ensure that investors include lay people to keep researchers honest by ensuring investigators consider the needs of the study population and the effects of the study on populations what are advocates and what is their function correct answer: helping patients regain autonomy, act as a liaison, feedback
distributive justice correct answer: equal distribution of goods and services in this country. focus on equality Social justice correct answer: concern for the equitable measuring of benefits and burdens in society. focus on equity market justice correct answer: people are entitled to only those goods and services that they acquire according to guidelines of entitlement, inequality can exist as long as people earned it a thought from iris young correct answer: social justice transformation is preferred over social justice amelioration. amelioration only furthers dependence on the privileged. transformation requires changing structures literacy statistics correct answer: 1/4-1/3 of American adults are functionally illiterate 1/2 have poor to nonexistent literacy skills provider tools to impact literacy correct answer: literacy level of pamphlets/readability match message to the clients skills obtain baseline literacy measurements use multiple modes of information develop recommendations to improve literacy Leiningers theory of culture care correct answer: care is the central role of nursing, provide culturally congruent care to all to achieve wellness, care is related to culture Watson's theory of human caring correct answer: caring theory, nurses, environment, person, health, human care intersection of science and art
Kolcabas comfort theory correct answer: the immediate and holistic experience of being strengthened through having needs met, emphasis on comfort Orem's self-care model correct answer: theory of self care deficit, theory of self care, theory of nursing systems Roys adaptation model correct answer: adaptation involves human response to stimuli within the system Kings interacting systems model correct answer: individuals the perceptions that people experience as a result of their surroundings influence their own behavior, system based, interactions in groups depends on continuing to function Roger' unity human being model correct answer: critical energy fields, open systems, pattern, pandimensionality. AKA pattern appraisal, mutual patterning, evaluation Roper, Logan, and Tierney activities of living model correct answer: United Kingdom model of nursing, five components: ADL's, life span, dependence-independence continuum, factors influencing ADLs, individuality in living Peplau's interpersonal relations model correct answer: individual as a system with physiological, psychological, and social fluidity. four phases, orientation , identification, exploration and revolution. view of person, health, nursing, and environment
