Download NU 578 UNIT EXAM 3 PREP USA NU578 Exam 3 Latest Updated 2024/2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NU 578 UNIT EXAM 3 PREP USA NU
Exam 3 Latest Updated 2024/
A 76-year-old retired postal worker with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic heart disease presents with a cardiac arrhythmia and is being considered for treatment with procainamide. She is already receiving an ACE inhibitor, digoxin, and hydrochlorothiazide for her cardiac condition. 1. In deciding on a treatment regimen with procainamide for this patient, which of the following statements is most
correct? correct Answer (A) A probable drug interaction with digoxin suggests that
digoxin blood levels should be obtained before and after starting procainamide. (B) Hyperkalemia should be avoided to reduce the likelihood of procainamide toxicity. (C) Procainamide cannot be used if the patient has asthma because it has a β-blocking effect. (D) Procainamide cannot be used if the patient has angina because it has a β- agonist effect. (E) Procainamide is not active by the oral route. The answer is B If this patient should take an overdose and manifest severe acute procainamide toxicity with markedly prolonged QRS, which of the following should be given immediately?
correct Answer (A) A calcium chelator such as EDTA
(B) Adenosine (C) Nitroprusside (D) Potassium chloride (E) Sodium lactate The answer is E A 54-year-old airline pilot is admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and a rapid heart rhythm. The ECG shows an inferior myocardial infarction and ventricular
tachycardia. Amiodarone is ordered. Amiodarone correct Answer (A) Decreases PR
interval in normal sinus rhythm (B) Increases action potential duration (C) Increases contractility (D) Often causes liver function abnormalities (E) Reduces resting potential The answer is B A 36-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled thyrotoxicosis has recurrent episodes of tachycardia with severe shortness of breath. During elective surgery to remove her thyroid, she develops a heart rate of 200 with a slightly decreased blood
pressure. Which of the following drugs would be most suitable? correct Answer (A)
Amiodarone (B) Disopyramide (C) Esmolol (D) Quinidine (E) Verapamil
The answer is C A 16-year-old girl has paroxysmal attacks of rapid heart rate with palpitations and shortness of breath. These episodes occasionally terminate spontaneously but often require a visit to the emergency department of the local hospital. Her ECG during these
episodes reveals an AV nodal tachycardia, correct Answer (A) Adenosine
(B) Amiodarone (C) Flecainide (D) Propranolol (E) Verapamil The answer is E A 55-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department and is found to have an abnormal ECG. Overdose of an antiarrhythmic drug is considered. Which of the
following drugs is correctly paired with its ECG effects? correct Answer (A)
Quinidine: Increased PR and decreased QT intervals (B) Flecainide: Increased QRS interval (C) Verapamil: Decreased PR interval (D) Lidocaine: Decreased QRS and PR interval (E) Metoprolol: Increased QRS duration The answer is B A 60-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with atypical chest pain. Her ECG reveals ventricular tachycardia with rare normal sinus beats, and ST-segment elevation. Troponin C levels are markedly increased, suggesting myocardial damage. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made, and the woman is admitted to the cardiac
intensive care unit. Her arrhythmia will probably be treated initially with correct
Answer (A) Adenosine
(B) Digoxin (C) Lidocaine (D) Quinidine (E) Verapamil The answer is C Which of the following drugs slows conduction through the AV node and has a duration
of action of 10-20 seconds? correct Answer (A) Adenosine
(B) Amiodarone (C) Diltiazem (D) Esmolol (E) Flecainide (F) Lidocaine (G) Mexiletine (H) Procainamide (I) Quinidine. The answer is A
(D) Mannitol (E) Spironolactone THE ANSWER IS A Which of the following is an important effect of chronic therapy with loop diuretics?
correct Answer (A) Decreased urinary excretion of calcium
(B) Elevation of blood pressure (C) Elevation of pulmonary vascular pressure (D) Metabolic alkalosis (E) Teratogenic action in pregnancy The answer is D Which drug is correctly associated with its actions in the following table? (+ indicates
increase and - indicates decrease.) correct Answer Answer Spironolactone causes
acidosis Which of the following diuretics would be most useful in the acute treatment of a
comatose patient with traumatic brain injury and cerebral edema?. correct
Answer (A) Acetazolamide
(B) Amiloride (C) Chlorthalidone (D) Furosemide (E) Mannitol Answer E A 62-year-old man with advanced prostate cancer is admitted to the emergency department with mental obtundation. An electrolyte panel shows a serum calcium of 16.5 (normal 8.5-10.5 mg/dL). Which of the following therapies would be most useful in
the management of severe hypercalcemia? correct Answer (A) Acetazolamide plus
saline infusion (B) Furosemide plus saline infusion (C) Hydrochlorothiazide plus saline infusion (D) Mannitol plus saline infusion (E) Spironolactone plus saline infusion Answer is B A 60-year-old patient complains of paresthesias and occasional nausea associated with one of the drugs she is taking. She is found to have hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
She is probably taking correct Answer (A) Acetazolamide for glaucoma
(B) Amiloride for edema associated with aldosteronism (C) Furosemide for severe hypertension and heart failure (D) Hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension (E) Mannitol for cerebral edema Answer is A
A 70-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department because of a "fainting spell" at home. She appears to have suffered no trauma from her fall, but her blood pressure is 120/60 when lying down and 60/20 when she sits up. Neurologic examination and an ECG are within normal limits when she is lying down. Questioning reveals that she has recently started taking "water pills" (diuretics) for a heart condition.
Which of the following drugs is the most likely cause of her fainting spell? correct
Answer (A) Acetazolamide
(B) Amiloride (C) Furosemide (D) Hydrochlorothiazide (E) Spironolactone The answer is C A 58-year-old woman with lung cancer has abnormally low serum osmolality and hyponatremia. A drug that increases the formation of dilute urine and is used to treat
SIADH is correct Answer (A) Acetazolamide
(B) Amiloride (C) Desmopressin (D) Ethacrynic acid (E) Furosemide (F) Hydrochlorothiazide (G) Mannitol (H) Spironolactone (I) Triamterene (J) Tolvaptan The answer is J A graduate student is planning to make a high-altitude climb in South America while on vacation. He will not have time to acclimate slowly to altitude. A drug that is useful in
preventing high-altitude sickness is correct Answer (A) Acetazolamide
(B) Amiloride (C) Demeclocycline (D) Desmopressin (E) Ethacrynic acid The answer is A
