NTSB-AAB-85-19-OCR.pdf, Study notes of Aviation

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NTSB

AAB

Issue 18

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NTSB

AAB

Issue 18

FOREWORD

The National Transportation Safety Board, in accordance, with the provisions of Title VII of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (as amended) and Section 304(a) of the Independent Safety Board Act of 1~74, has determined the probable cause(s) of the accidents reported herein. This publication is issued eighteen (18) times per year and contains approximately 200 U.S. and foreign aircraft accident/incident reports arranged in state and date order. The enclosed computer briefs are the reports of the National Transportation Safety Board and thereby subject to the limitations of 49 USC 1441(e) which states: "No part of any report or reports of the Board, relating to any accident or the investigation thereof, shall be admitted as evidence or used in any suit or action for damage growing out of any matter mentioned in such report or reports." In reading these reports, it should be borne in mind that they are produced directly from records on magnetic disk by electronic data processing equipment. Due to spacing limitations a number of abbreviations are utilized in the narrative section. Therefore, caution should be exercised in reading this section on the Briefs of Accidents. Collisions between aircraft are treated as one accident. An analysis is done on each aircraft involved in a collision. This produces two aircraft accident records per accident. Consequently, when compiling information on accidents involving collisions between aircraft, the number of accident records will exceed the number of accidents. The Briefs of Accidents contain the essential information which fulfill most requirements of persons using these reports. However, for those having a need for more detailed information, the original factual reports are on file in the Washington Office of the National Transportation Safety Board. Upon request, these reports wi 11 be produced commercially for a fee to cover reproduction and postage. The cost wi 11 be assessed per printed page and photograph(s) reproduced.

Copies of material ordered will be mailed from the Washington business firm that holds the current contract for commercial reproduction of the Board's public files. Billing is also direct to you by the same company.

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Orders for this material will also involve a user service charge by the Board for special services. This charge is in addition to the cost of commercial reproduction of material and will be included in the bill from the commercial reproduction firm. Requests for reproduction should be forwarded to the: National Transportation Safety Board Public Inquiries Section, AD- 800 Independence Avenue, S. W. Washington, D. C. 20594

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DEFINITIONS

The following definitions contained in CFR 49, Part 830, Paragraph 830. apply when used in this publication.

Aircraft Accidents An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes pl ace between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury as a result of being in or upon the aircraft or by direct contact with the aircraft or anything attached thereto, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.

Fatal Injury Any injury which results in death within 30 days of the accident.

Serious Injury Any injury which 1) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the date the injury was received; 2) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose); involves lacerations which cause severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon d am age ; 4 ) i nvol ves i nj ur y to any i ntern al or q an ; or 5 ) i nvol ves second or third degree burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface.

Substantial Damage

1. Except as provided in subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, substantial damage means damage or structural failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. 2) Engine failure, damage limited to an engine, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered "Substantial Damage" for the purpose of this part.

OCCURRENCE Occurrence rel ates to the immediate c ire urns tance of the event. Occurrences are numbered in descending order and directly relate to the phase of operation. Some examples of occurrences are as follows:

-V-

Gear Collapsed Collapse of the landing gear due to mechanical failure other than malfunction of the retracting mechanism.

TYPE OF OPERATING CERTIFICATE/TYPE OF OPERATION The type of operating certificate/type of operation refers to the purpose for which the aircraft is being operated at the time of the accident. This type of operating certificate is broken into two categories. These categories are:

1. GENERAL AVIATION This operating certificate refers to operations involving U.S. and foreign aircraft owned and operated by persons, businesses, corporations, et cetera. This category also includes public use aircraft. To further define General Aviation operations we have classified the fo 11 owing: Personal Flying by individuals in there own or rented aircraft for pleasure, or personal transportation not in furtherance of their occupation. or company business. Business The use of aircraft by pilots (not rece1v1ng direct salary or compensation for piloting) in connection with their occupation or in the furtherance of a private business. Corporate/Executive Operations The use of aircraft owned or 1 eased, and operated by a corporation or business firm for the transportation of personnel or cargo in furtherance of the corporation's or firm's business, and which are flown by professional pilots receiving a direct salary or compensation for piloting. Instructional Flying Refers to flying accomplished in supervised training under the direction of an accredited instructor. Other Flying Includes other kinds of flying not covered under the other broad categories. In some instances the criterion of direct financial return may or ~ay not be present.

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BASIC WEATHER CONDITIONS

The types of weather conditions (VMC/IMC) are determined in accordance

with the prescribed minima in Part 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.

These minima pertain to the ceiling and visibility, in conjunction with the

type of airspace at the accident site. Type of weather conditions are based

on surface weather as determined from officially recognized sources. Weather

conditions encountered in flight are not necessarily representative of the

classifications VMC/IMC as carried under Weather Data.

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FILE ORDER LISTING

ISSUE NUMBER 18

CALENDAR YEAR 1983

Fi le Aircraft Aircraft Injury

Number Regist. Date Location Make Model Index Page

Fi 1e Aircraft Aircraft Injury Number Regist. Date (^) Location Make Model Index Page

File Aircraft Aircraft Injury Number Regi st. Date Location (^) Make Model Index Page

Fi 1 e Aircraft^ Aircraft^ Injury Number Regist. Date^ Location^ Make^ Model^ Index^ Page

AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORTS BRIEF FORMAT U.S. CIVIL AND FOREIGN AVIATION

ISSUE NUMBER 18 OF 1983 ACCIDENTS

National Transportation Safety Board Washington, D.C. 20594 Brief of Incident F i 1 e No. - 502 1 1/13/83 NEAR CORDOVA,AK A/C Reg. No. N2660S ----Basic Information---- Type Operating Certificate-ON-DEMAND AIR TAXI Type of Operation Flight Conducted Under Incident Occurred During ----Aircraft Information----

-PUBLIC USE

-PUBLIC USE

-LANDING

Aircraft Damage MINOR Fire NONE Crew Pass

Make/Model - CESSNA 185 Landing Gear - TAILWHEEL~ALL FIXED Eng Make/Model - CONTINENTAL I0- Number Engines - 1 Max Gross Wt 3350 No. of Seats 4 ----Environment/Operations Information---- Weather Data Wx Briefing - FSS Method - ACFT RADIO Completeness - FULL Basic Weather - VMC Wind Dir/Speed- 360/040 KTS

Engine Type - RECIP-FUEL INJECTED Rated Power 300 HP ItineraryLast Departure.Point CAPE YAKATAGA,AK Destination CORDOVA,AK Visibility 3.000 SM ATC/Airspace Lowest Sky/Clouds 200 FT SCATTERED Type of Flight Plan - VFR Lowest Ceiling 800 FT OVERCAST Type of Clearance - NONE Obstructions to Vision- BLOWING SNOW Type Apch/Lndg - UNK/NR Precipitation - SNOW GRAINS Condition of Light - DAYLIGHT ----Personnel Information----

Fatal 0 0

Time (Lcl) - 1230 AST Injuries Serious Minor 0 0 0 0

None 1 0

ELT Installed/Activated - YES/YES Stall Warning System - YES

Airport Proximity UNK/NR Airport Data RunwayRunway !dentLth/Wid Runway Surface Runway Status

- UNK/NR

- UNK/NR

- UNK/NR

- UNK/NR

Pi lot-In-Command Certificate(s)/Rating(s) COMMERCIAL, CFI

Age - (^42) Medical Certificate - VALID MEDICAL-NO WAIVERS/LIMIT Biennial Flight Review Flight Time (Hours) Current - YES Total 9473 Last 24 Hrs - SE LAND,SE SEA Months Since 8 Make/Model- 4200 Last 30 Days- Aircraft Type - UNK/NR Instrument- 65 Last 90 Days- Instrument Rating(s) - AIRPLANE ----Narrative---- THE ACFT ENCOUNTERED DETERIORATING WX CONDITIONS AND RECEIVED MINOR DAMAGE DURING A PRECAUTIONARY LANDING IN WHITEOUT CONDITIONS. A SIGMET WAS IN EFFECT.

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UNK/NR