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NSG 527 Final EXAM 2025 | ACTUAL REAL
EXAM ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | VERIFIED
AND LATEST UPDATED |
GUARANTEED PASS
1. Too much ___ is associated with depression, and too little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia. A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) Norepinephrine D) Acetylcholine Correct Answer: D) Acetylcholine Rationale: Acetylcholine plays a key role in learning and memory. Its deficiency in the hippocampus is linked with dementia, while imbalances can also relate to mood disorders like depression. 2. Which neurotransmitter is correlated with movement, attention, and learning? A) Serotonin B) Norepinephrine C) Dopamine D) Acetylcholine Correct Answer: C) Dopamine Rationale: Dopamine is essential for motor control, attention, and learning. Imbalances are linked with conditions like Parkinson's disease and ADHD. 3. Too much ___ has been associated with schizophrenia, and too little ___ is associated with depression and the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. A) Serotonin; Norepinephrine B) Dopamine; Dopamine C) Acetylcholine; Serotonin D) Norepinephrine; Dopamine Correct Answer: B) Dopamine; Dopamine Rationale: Excess dopamine activity is implicated in schizophrenia, while insufficient dopamine in the basal ganglia is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease.
4. Which neurotransmitter is associated with eating and alertness? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Norepinephrine D) Acetylcholine Correct Answer: C) Norepinephrine Rationale: Norepinephrine influences alertness, arousal, and appetite regulation. 5. Which brain structure includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain? A) Limbic system B) Reticular activating system C) Brainstem D) Basal ganglia Correct Answer: C) Brainstem Rationale: The brainstem, composed of the medulla, pons, and midbrain, controls vital life functions and relays information between brain areas. 6. Which structure produces norepinephrine and helps maintain arousal? A) Locus ceruleus B) Dorsal raphe C) Amygdala D) Thalamus Correct Answer: A) Locus ceruleus Rationale: The locus ceruleus is a primary source of norepinephrine and is key to regulating arousal and wakefulness. 7. Which structure produces serotonin and controls the sleep-wake cycle? A) Hippocampus B) Dorsal raphe C) Locus ceruleus D) Reticular formation Correct Answer: B) Dorsal raphe Rationale: The dorsal raphe nuclei are the main source of serotonin in the brain and are involved in sleep regulation. 8. Which system functions as a "toggle switch" for arousal and sleep, and regulates emotional and autonomic responses? A) Reticular activating system (RAS) B) Limbic system
C) Hippocampus D) Hypothalamus Correct Answer: B) Insula Rationale: The insula integrates bodily states into emotional awareness, including pain and disgust.
13. Which structure links emotions to actions and is involved in empathy, social behavior, and emotional pain? A) Cingulate cortex B) Hippocampus C) Amygdala D) Insula Correct Answer: A) Cingulate cortex Rationale: The cingulate cortex integrates emotional and cognitive processes, important in social interaction and empathy. 14. Which memory structure helps regulate information flow to the neocortex and assigns time/place to memories? A) Amygdala B) Thalamus C) Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus D) Reticular formation Correct Answer: C) Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus Rationale: These structures are essential for forming, organizing, and retrieving memories, especially episodic and spatial memory. 15. Which structure calms rage, supports socialization, and is involved in emotional attachment and pleasure? A) Septal nuclei B) Amygdala C) Hypothalamus D) Cingulate cortex Correct Answer: A) Septal nuclei Rationale: The septal nuclei help regulate emotional behavior, social bonding, and reward pathways. 16. Which part of the brain regulates blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and reflexes such as vomiting and sneezing? A) Pons B) Midbrain C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus Correct Answer: C) Medulla oblongata Rationale: The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem responsible for autonomic functions like heart rate, breathing, and reflex actions.
17. Which brain structure relays information from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum? A) Thalamus B) Pons C) Medulla oblongata D) Midbrain Correct Answer: B) Pons Rationale: The pons acts as a bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum, helping coordinate movement and sensory messages. 18. Which brain structure controls many sensory and motor functions, including eye movement? A) Midbrain B) Pons C) Cerebellum D) Medulla oblongata Correct Answer: A) Midbrain Rationale: The midbrain is involved in vision, hearing, eye movement, and motor control. 19. Which structure is involved in evaluating threats, toggling between arousal and sleep, and regulating emotional responses like heart rate and breathing? A) Hypothalamus B) Reticular activating system (RAS) C) Locus ceruleus D) Amygdala Correct Answer: B) Reticular activating system (RAS) Rationale: The RAS controls wakefulness and alertness and connects sensory and emotional responses. 20. Which brain structure is involved in processing raw emotions such as pleasure, rage, and aversion, and regulates pituitary hormones? A) Thalamus B) Hypothalamus C) Amygdala D) Basal ganglia Correct Answer: B) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The cingulate cortex integrates emotional and cognitive inputs, guiding behavior in social and emotional contexts.
25. Which memory-related structure builds cognitive maps and assigns time/place to memories? A) Parietal lobe B) Amygdala C) Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus D) Locus ceruleus Correct Answer: C) Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus Rationale: These regions are essential for forming episodic memories and spatial navigation. 26. Which structure dampens rage responses, is involved in forming emotional attachments, and helps regulate memory through the hippocampus? A) Cingulate cortex B) Septal nuclei C) Insula D) Thalamus Correct Answer: B) Septal nuclei Rationale: The septal nuclei are linked to pleasure, bonding, and regulation of limbic system responses like aggression and memory. Too little _______? has been associated with depression, while an excess has been associated with schizophrenia. - CORRECT ANS-Norepinephrine involved in energy, and glucose metabolism? - CORRECT ANS-Epinephrine plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive behavior? - CORRECT ANS-Serotonin Too little_______? is associated with depression and some anxiety disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some antidepressant medications increase the availability of _________? at the receptor sites - CORRECT ANS-serotonin
inhibits excitation and anxiety?
- CORRECT ANS-GABA Too little ______?is associated with anxiety and anxiety disorders. Some antianxiety medication increases _____?at the receptor sites.
- CORRECT ANS-GABA involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and contentedness?
- CORRECT ANS-Endorphins
- Executive functioning and personality
- Maintain and focus attention
- Organize thinking, planning, speech, and motor activities
- Weigh consequences
- Set goals
- Modulate emotions
- Integrate ideas, emotions, and perceptions
- Shapes personality?
- CORRECT ANS-Frontal Lobe
- Body sensations
- Motor activities, attention and perception of spatial relations
- Processes sensory impulses from the thalamus
- Maintains focused attention
- Registers acts of aggression
Modulates the limbic system.
- Involved in reward and pleasure circuit.
- CORRECT ANS-Nucleus accumbens integrates emotional information and cognition before conveying that information to the hypothalamus in neocortex.
- Assigns emotional value to stimuli.
- Involved in mother child interaction, long-term attachments.
- Regulates automatic, endocrine functioning and motor functions.
- Involved in retrieval of short term memories.
- CORRECT ANS-Cingulate gyrus
- Striatum
- Pallidum
- Substansia Nigra
- Subthalamic nucleus - CORRECT ANS-Basal ganglia (4 parts)?
- brings together a motion, executive function, motivation, and motor activity.
- Involved in posture, walking and eye movements.
- Moderates motor expression of emotional state (hitting, biting, licking.)
- Also involved in memory, cognition and emotion.
- Controls extrapyramidal motor tract. - CORRECT ANS-Basal ganglia Allows for communication between the right and left hemispheres of the brain? - CORRECT ANS-Corpus callosum 1 Awareness and acceptance of cultural differences
2 Self-awareness of one's culture 3 Understanding the dynamics of cultural differences 4 Knowledge of the client's family culture 5 Adaptation of services to support the client's culture 6 Responding to families/family members in an empathetic manner. - CORRECT ANS-6 Key aspects involved in providing cultural competent health care? family self-identified ethnicity, family's degree of acculturation (languages spoken, recent migration, Native culture, community discriminations, etc, religious preferences or practices) - CORRECT ANS-cultural empathy. The nurse should assess?
- Select appropriate system to work with
- Providing more time to work with unacculturated families
- Dealing with language differences
- Taking into account families interactional norms
- Focusing on family strengths and families' positive adaptation
- Promoting positive change
- Being aware of and utilizing family's support systems - CORRECT ANS-Family systems 7 Basic strategies for working with? John Bowlby - CORRECT ANS-first attachment theorist described as "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings? John Bowlby - CORRECT ANS-He believed early bonds formed by children with caregivers have tremendous impact and continues throughout life? Attachment theory - CORRECT ANS-Central theme is that primary caregivers respond to infants needs and child develops a sense of security?
Conduct screening assessments Make referrals Determine patterns of dysfunction Health teaching? - CORRECT ANS-Role of the Family Nurse-Functions- Secondary prevention Provide support to families in the rehabilitation process. Case manager, advocate, teacher and counselor? - CORRECT ANS-Role of the Family NurseFunctions- Tertiary Prevention Monetary/lack of financial resources Attitudes of health care providers Health care professional as poor role models Environmental hazards Lack of health knowledge in patients Access to healthcare Education Employment? - CORRECT ANS-Role of the Family Nurse-Challenges-Primary prevention Denial of health issues Maladaptation of family members—lack of coping skills Dysfunction of communications? - CORRECT ANS-Role of the Family Nurse-Challenges- Secondary prevention Disability and chronic disease? - CORRECT ANS-Role of the Family Nurse-Challenges-Tertiary Prevention?
Skills for working with non-traditional families are important. Awareness that families with same sex partnerships often do not have normative structure, suffer from greater stigmatization, and have different developmental stages is essential. - CORRECT ANSConsiderations regarding LGBT families? Did not present a theory of nursing or family nursing Emphasized the presence of environmental factors in health and wellness Nurses care for the whole family unit in the home environment - CORRECT ANS-Nightingale's Environmental Model? Included family-as-context Collaboratively the nurse and family members identify complete assessment to determine goals and a plan of care The family unit provides socialization and establishes norms of behavior across the life cycle. - CORRECT ANS-King's Theory of Goal Attainment? Family is a unit of analysis, in the same context as the individual The family unit is adaptive and interacts with the external environment and internal and external stimuli. - CORRECT ANS-Roy's Adaptation Model? The client is an open system where family is defined Family is comprised of subsystems with relationships among the family members The ability to maintain wellness when exposed to stressors occurs through a series of exchanges in the open system of the model. Appropriate model for community-based health care. - CORRECT ANS-Neumann's Health System's Model? The family unit needs to sustain self-care Nursing works with individuals to achieve self-care in the family unit; the family unit is not the direct receiver of the health care services. Self-care of the family can incorporate health beliefs of the family - CORRECT ANS-Orem's SelfCare Model?
- Contributes to emotional memories, especially fear
- Seeks attachment indiscriminately - CORRECT ANS-Amygdala
- Involved in negative emotions: disgust, pain, hunger, empathy, and callousness - CORRECT ANS-Insula
- Gaits information to the neocortex
- Processes information coming from the 5 senses and information coming from the amygdala and cerebellum before it goes to the neocortex
- Involved in wakefulness, sleep, and pain perception - CORRECT ANS-Thalamus
- Sense of smell
- Crucial for survival- involved in fight or flight response and sexuality
- Triggers past memories - CORRECT ANS-Olfactory bulb
- Functions as an auxiliary structure for the entire cerebral cortex
- Posture and balance in walking
- Sequential movements required in eating and writing
- Control speed and acceleration of movement
- Involved in smooth eye movement
- Cognition and language
- Memory and impulse control - CORRECT ANS-Cerebrum?
- Medulla oblongata- regulation of blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. Reflex center for vomiting coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping.
- Pons- Relays information from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum
- Midbrain- control many sensory and motor functions including eye movement - CORRECT ANS-Brainstem (Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain)?
- Meeting the needs of society by mediating the interdependency that exists between family members and society. 2.Meeting the needs of the individuals in the family by fostering their personality development.
- CORRECT ANS-According to Friedman, Bowden, and Jones (2003) the family has 2 purposes? known as homeostasis, equilibrium, or steady-state. - CORRECT ANS-Self-regulation (the ability of the family to balance) is known as? as a system of ideas and beliefs that bind them together, they serve as a general guidance of behavior, with the family as the transmitter of these values. - CORRECT ANS-Family values are defined as? generations, social classes, and personal beliefs or norms collide. - CORRECT ANS-Conflict can arise when differences among? can result in difficulty with interpersonal relationships and psychological issues into adulthood.
- CORRECT ANS-Insecure attachment styles such as ambivalent and disorganized? fear of abandonment, separations, and the need for constant validation - CORRECT ANSAmbivalent style is a result of? chaotic home life as a child, emotional turmoil and chronic fear and manifests as a tendency to either abuse or be the victim of abuse. - CORRECT ANS-Disorganized style results from? cultural ignorance lead to poor communication, stigmatization, impaired assessments. - CORRECT ANS- Factors impeding the effectiveness of the nurse including? poor communication, stigmatization, impaired assessments. - CORRECT ANS-Factors impeding the effectiveness of the nurse including cultural ignorance lead to
normative structure and suffer from greater stigmatization, and have different developmental stages is essential. - CORRECT ANS-Awareness that families with same sex partnerships often do not have? regulation of blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. Reflex center for vomiting coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping. - CORRECT ANS-Medulla oblongata? Relays information from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum - CORRECT ANS-Pons? control many sensory and motor functions including eye movement - CORRECT ANS-Midbrain? Reticular activating system (RAS) - CORRECT ANS-Involved in arousal and sleep- the "toggle switch"? Nightingale's Environmental Model - CORRECT ANS-Nurses care for the whole family unit in the home environment? 1: Family Efforts at Health Promotion-Many lifestyles that affect health are learned in the family. 2: Family Appraisal of Symptoms-This stage begins when a family member has symptoms. 3: Care Seeking-A decision is made to seek medical care. 4: Referral and Obtaining Care-Contact with a health care provider is initiated. 5: Acute Response to Illness by Client and Family-The patient takes on the "sick role" and adaptation in this role begins with the patient and family. 6: Adaptation to Illness and Recovery- Support of the patient by the family unit begins for convalescing and rehabilitating. - CORRECT ANS-6 stages of health/illness and family interactions? "the family is composed of persons joined together by bonds of marriage, blood, or adoption and residing in the same household" - CORRECT ANS-The definition of family is determined?
Nuclear FamilyAdoptive Family Dual- Earner Family Childless Family Foster Family Extended Family Single-Parent FamilySingle Adult Living Alone Unmarried Teenage Mother Stepparent Family Binuclear Family Nonmarital Heterosexual Cohabiting Family Gay and Lesbian Family - CORRECT ANS-The American family today can be? 1Need for a change in focus and national initiatives 2Consumerism and popular demand for increased self-control 3Wellness movement 4Growing acceptability of alternative health modalities 5Lack of access to health services 6Growing emphasis on health in advanced nursing practice 7Growth in managed care and cost-effective, quality outcomes - CORRECT ANS-7 factors are revitalizing an interest in primary prevention? Comprehensive and recognizes the family within the context of the community - CORRECT ANSStructural-Functional Strength(s) for Family Nursing? The family as a set of interacting elements distinguishable from the environment it interacts. - CORRECT ANS-Family Social Science Theories Systems Theory? Illness causing stress that changes family dynamics.
