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NSG 5003 Midterm Exam-South University
(Answered) Guaranteed pass 100%
which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs ventilation aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstream bronchus because it extends vertically from the trachea Respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are a result of which respiratory mechanism Decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata what pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx cilia when an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds right lung
which describes the pressure in the pleural space below atmospheric what medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle cor pulmonale which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system stiffening of the chest wall Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) results from which alteration narrowed pulmonary capillaries Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is best described as a tumor that causes which alterations airway obstruction and atelectasis what medical term is used to identify the accumulation of air in the pleural space pneumothorax Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition pleural effusion
Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants Infants are obligatory nose breathers What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress (RDS) of the newborn Atelectasis Which option shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn Hypoxic vasoconstrictions, right-to-left shunt hypoperfusion Which condition is not a cause of chest wall restriction Pneumothorax Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia Pernicious The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B Pernicious After a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis, which type of anemia will result
Pernicious What causes the atrophy of gastric mucosal cells that result in pernicious anemia Vitamin B12 malabsorption Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes iron deficiency Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails Iron deficiency Sideroblastic anemia can occasionally result from an autosomal recessive transmission inherited from which relative mother Clinical manifestations of mild-to-moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia Sideroblastic Considering sideroblastic anemia, what would be the expected effect on the plasma iron levels? Plasma iron levels would be high
Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia Erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin The absence of parietal cells would prevent the absorption of an essential nutrient necessary to prevent which type of anemia Pernicious anemia What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia Vitamin B12 injection Which condition resulting from untreated pernicious anemia is fatal Heart failure What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia Chronic blood loss Continued therapy of pernicious anemia generally last how long The rest of one's life
Which statement is true regarding ventilation Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis Corticosteroids Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion Eosinophil Hypersensitivity is best defines as an Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized Anaplasia What cellular characteristics are affected by anaplasia Size Ability to differentiate Tissue structure Shape
The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replace by stratified squamous epithelial cells Metaplasia What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis Caseous After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen Hyperplasia The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is Pathologic hyperplasia Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing Hyperplasia What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised
IFN-a is secreted from which cells Macrophages Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells IFN-a When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte Neutrophils In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is predominant Monocytes What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes Suppression of B- and T- cell responses Diagnostic blood work on individuals who perceive themselves to be in a chronic stress will likely demonstrate Decreased Tc cells
Your patient has just returned from a 6-month missionary trip to Southeast Asia. He reports unremitting cough, hemoptysis, and an unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds over the last month. These symptoms should prompt the clinician to suspect Tuberculosis Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of which respiratory disorder Emphysema Clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, shortness of breath, and productive cough are indicative of which respiratory disorder Chronic bronchitis Clinical manifestations of inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea are indicative of which condition Asthma Which condition is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) The most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action Avoidance of the causative agent
What is the initial step in the management of emphysema Cessation of smoking In tuberculosis, the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating which action Apoptotic infected macrophages that activate cytotoxic T cells The progression of chronic bronchitis is best halted by which intervention smoking cessation Clinical manifestations of inspiratory crackles, increased tactile fremitus, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are indicative of which respiratory condition Pneumonia Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by which mechanism Impairing alveolocapillary membranes diffusion In acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with fluid as a result of which mechanism Inactivation of surfactant and the impairment of type II alveolar cells Which cytokines activated in childhood asthma produce an allergic response
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages Complement cascade What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells Vasodilation The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages What is an outcome of the complement cascade Lysis of bacterial cell membranes The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by Directing leukocytes to inflamed area What affect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation Inhibition
Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion Antagonistically Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion Eosinophil Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells Bone marrow What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells Clonal diversity Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen Active-acquired immunity What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta
An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody IgA The B-cell receptor (BCR) complex functions uniquely by Communicating information about the antigen to the cell nucleus Which statement is true concerning clonal selection This theory involves antigens that select those lymphoid organs Which is an example of an endogenous antigen Cancer cells Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell IL- 2 Th2 cells produce IL-4 and suppress which cells Th1 cells Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th1 cells
They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th2 cells Th2 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens When a person is exposed to most antigens, antibodies can be usually detected in his or here circulation within 6 days How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins Binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response Regulatory T (Treg) cells Which statement is true concerning the IgM IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen Which cell has the ability to recognize antigens presented by the MHC class 1 molecules CD CD
