Download NSG 5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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NSG 5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A) CORRECT ANSWERS ARE HIGHLIGHTED
- It is important to not dilate the eye if ____ is suspected. Cataract Macular degeneration Acute closed-angle glaucoma Chronic open-angle glaucoma Question 2. 2. An 18-year-old female patient presents with repeated urinary tract infections. She has no risk factors in her history, and her physical examination is unremarkable. She also has a normal pelvic exam. Which of the following should be obtained if anatomic abnormalities are suspected? Ultrasound of the kidneys Intravenous pyelogram Cystoscopy Transvaginal ultrasound of the bladder Question 3. 3. The pathophysiological hallmark of ACD is: Depleted iron stores Impaired ability to use iron stores Chronic uncorrectable bleeding
Reduced intestinal absorption of iron Question 4. 4. Which of the following is the most important question to ask during cardiovascular health history? Number of offspring Last physical exam Sudden death of a family member Use of caffeine Question 5. 5. A 26-year-old, non-smoker, male presented to your clinic with SOB with exertion. This could be due to: Exercise-induced cough Bronchiectasis Alpha-1 deficiency Pericarditis Question 6. 6. Which of the following dermatological conditions results from reactivation of the dormant varicella virus? Tinea versicolor Seborrheic keratosis Verruca Herpes zoster
Question 10. 10. A 64-year-old male presents with erythema of the sclera, tearing, and bilateral pruritus of the eyes. The symptoms occur intermittently throughout the year and he has associated clear nasal discharge. Which of the following is most likely because of the inflammation? Bacterium Allergen Virus Fungi Question 11. 11. The nurse practitioner is examining a 62-year-old female who has been complaining of lower abdominal pain. Upon auscultation, bowel sounds are high pitched and tinkling. Which of the following terms describes this finding? Succession splash Borborygmi Tenesmus Puddle sign Question 12. 12. Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of prostate cancer? Asians Hispanics African Americans American Indians
Question 13. 13. A key symptom of ischemic heart disease is chest pain. However, angina equivalents may include exertional dyspnea. Angina equivalents are important because: Women with ischemic heart disease many times do not present with chest pain Some patients may have no symptoms or atypical symptoms; diagnosis may only be made at the time of an actual myocardial infarction Elderly patients have the most severe symptoms A & B only Question 14. 14. The nurse practitioner is discussing lifestyle changes with a patient diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. What are the nonpharmacological management interventions that should be included? Weight reduction and rest 30 minutes after each meal in the supine position Elevation of head of the bed 4-6 inches on blocks and weight reduction Encouraged to wear restrictive clothing to add support for diaphragmatic breathing Using oral mints to relieve gastric distress Question 15. 15. Which lesions are typically located along the distribution of dermatome? Scabies Herpes zoster Tinea Dyshidrosis
Question 19. 19. The most common cause of eye redness is: Conjunctivitis Acute glaucoma Head trauma Corneal abrasion Question 20. 20. The aging process causes what normal physiological changes in the heart? The heart valve thickens and becomes rigid, secondary to fibrosis and sclerosis Cardiology occurs along with prolapse of the mitral valve and regurgitation Dilation of the right ventricle occurs with sclerosis of pulmonic and tricuspid valves Hypertrophy of the right ventricle Question 21. 21. Ms. Smith, 37-year-old, comes to the clinic today complaining of dull, throbbing bilateral headaches almost every evening. You suspect she is experiencing: cluster headaches migraine headaches tension headaches benign intracranial hypertension
Question 22. 22. A 59-year-old patient with history of alcohol abuse comes to your office because of ‘throwing up blood”. On physical examination, you note ascites and caput medusa. A likely cause for the hematemesis is: Peptic ulcer disease Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal varices Pancreatitis Question 23. 23. Which of the following is considered a “red flag” when diagnosing a patient with pneumonia? Fever of 102 Infiltrates on chest X-ray Pleural effusion on chest X-ray Elevated white blood cell count Question 24. 24. Your patient complains of lower abdominal pain, anorexia, extreme fatigue, unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds in last 3 weeks, and you find a positive hemoccult on digital rectal examination. Laboratory tests show iron deficiency anemia. The clinician needs to consider: Diverticulitis Colon cancer Appendicitis Peptic ulcer disease
Question 28. 28. The first assessment to complete related to the eyes is: Eye lids Visual acuity Extraocular movements Peripheral vision Question 29. 29. The Mini-Cog is a short screening tool used to assess cognition. Which of the following statements pertaining to the test is a true statement? The patient will be asked to repeat five words immediately following the directions by the practitioner. The patient is asked to draw the hour and minute hands on a picture of an analog clock. A score of 0-2 is a positive screen for dementia. The patient is asked to recall five images from picture cards following the drawing of the clock hands. Question 30. 30. A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will: Not be affected by the disorder herself Transmit the disorder to 50% of her offspring (male or female) Not transmit the disorder to her daughters Transmit the disorder to only her daughters
Question 31. 31. Your patient has just returned from a 6-month missionary trip to Southeast Asia. He reports unremitting cough, hemoptysis, and an unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds over the last month. These symptoms should prompt the clinician to suspect: Legionnaires' disease Malaria Tuberculosis Pneumonia Question 32. 32. In assessing the eyes, which of the following is considered a “red flag” finding when associated with eye redness? History of prior red-eye episodes Grossly visible corneal defect Exophthalmos Photophobia Question 33. 33. The best evidence rating drugs to consider in a post myocardial infarction patient include: ASA, ACE/ARB, beta-blocker, aldosterone blockade ACE, ARB, Calcium channel blocker, ASA Long-acting nitrates, warfarin, ACE, and ARB ASA, clopidogrel, nitrates
ACE inhibitors Surgery Hospitalization Question 38. 38. What test is used to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis? CBC Flat plate of abdomen Rectal exam CT of abdomen with attention to appendix Question 39. 39. The major impact of the physiological changes that occur with aging is: Reduced physiological reserve Reduced homeostatic mechanisms Impaired immunological response All of the above Question 40. 40. A smooth round nodule with a pearly gray border and central induration best describes which skin lesion? Seborrheic keratosis Malignant melanoma Herpes zoster Basal cell carcinoma
Question 41. 41. A 20-year-old engineering student complains of episodes of abdominal discomfort, bloating, and episodes of diarrhea. The symptoms usually occur after eating, and pain is frequently relieved with bowel movement. She is on a “celiac diet” and the episodic symptoms persist. Physical examination and diagnostic tests are negative. Colonoscopy is negative for any abnormalities. This is a history and physical consistent with: Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Giardiasis Norovirus gastroenteritis Question 42. 42. Which of the following disorders can cause urinary incontinence? Cystocele Overactive bladder Uterine prolapse All of the above Question 43. 43. Which of the following drugs would be useful for the nurse practitioner to prescribe for an older adult to prevent gastric ulcers when a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used for chronic pain management? Misoprostol (Cytotec) Cimetidine (Tagamet) Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Question 47. 47. What is the most common valvular heart disease in the older adult? Aortic regurgitation Aortic stenosis Mitral regurgitation Mitral stenosis Question 48. 48. The cytochrome p system involves enzymes that are generally: Inhibited by drugs Induced by drugs Inhibited or induced by drugs Associated with decreased liver perfusion Question 49. 49. Which of the following is the most common cause of heartburn-type epigastric pain? Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone Helicobacter pylori infection of stomach Esophageal spasm Peptic ulcer disease Question 50. 50. A nurse practitioner reports that your patient’s abdominal X-ray demonstrates multiple air-fluid levels in the bowel. This is a diagnostic finding found in: Appendicitis
Cholecystitis Bowel Obstruction Diverticulitis Question 51. 51. A patient suffered a laceration of the shin three days ago, and today presents with a painful, warm, red swollen region around the area. The laceration has a purulent exudate. The clinician should recognize that the infected region is called: Contact dermatitis Folliculitis Hidradenitis suppurativa Cellulitis Question 52. 52. A 62-year-old client presents with a complaint of fever, pain, and burning on urination. Difficulty urinating with dribbling has been increasing in the past few days. He has a feeling of pressure in his groin. On examination, his prostate is tender, boggy, and warm. A stat urinalysis reveals the presence of leukocytes and bacteria. He is allergic to sulfa drugs. His weight is 70 kg and his last serum creatinine was 1.0. While awaiting the culture and sensitivity, the nurse practitioner begins empiric treatment with which of the following? Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole DS bid x 2 weeks Ampicillin 250 mg PO Q day for 10 days Nitrofurantoin 100 mg Q 12 hours for 7 days Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Q 12 hours for 14 days
Question 56. 56. A female patient presents to the clinic with complaints of a severe, throbbing, unilateral headache. She complains of seeing flashes of light prior to the headache. She complains of sound and light sensitivity as well as nausea. The clinician should recognize these as symptoms of: Epilepsy with aura Cluster headache Migraine headache Normal pressure hydrocephalus Question 57. 57. The main focus of treatment of patients with ACD is: Replenishing iron stores Providing for adequate nutrition high in iron Management of the underlying disorder Administration of monthly vitamin B12 injections Question 58. 58. The most common neurological cause of seizures in an older adult is: Alzheimer’s disease Multiple sclerosis Stroke Peripheral neuropathy
Question 59. 59. Your 63-year-old Caucasian woman with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) will begin treatment with corticosteroids until the condition has resolved. You look over her records and it has been 2 years since her last physical examination and any laboratory or diagnostic tests as she relocated and had not yet identified a health- care provider. In prioritizing your management plan, your first orders should include: Recommending she increase her dietary intake of Calcium and Vitamin D Ordering once a year bisphosphonate and a proton pump inhibitor Participate in a fall prevention program Dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) scan and updating immunizations Question 60. 60. Your patient is a 78-year-old female with a smoking history of 120- pack years. She complains of hoarseness that has developed over the last few months. It is important to exclude the possibility of: Thrush Laryngeal cancer Carotidynia Thyroiditis Question 61. 61. A 43-year-old female was in a bicycling accident and complains of severe pain of the right foot. The patient limps into the emergency room. On physical examination, there is no point tenderness over the medial or lateral ankle malleolus. There is no foot tenderness except at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. According to the Ottawa foot rules, should an X-ray of the feet be ordered? Yes, there is tenderness over the fifth metatarsal No, there is not tenderness over the navicular bone
