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NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

Galen Health Institute - Tampa Bay Nursing

NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM (JUST RELEASED)

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/17/2025

rex-smith-1 🇺🇸

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NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |

VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM (JUST

RELEASED)

What would require immediate intervention for a patient with head trauma?

---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ CSF drainage: meningitis

infection can occur

- A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs

- A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)

- Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI

- GCS - score <8

- Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing

- Changes in pupils

What would require immediate intervention for a patient with TBIs? ---------

CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Dolls eyes (dilation of eyes), fixation of

pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate herniation

- When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into the same direction

= bad response

- opposite direction = normal response

Clinical manifestations that require immediate intervention for acute SDH? -

--------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Coma, increase BP, decreased

HR, slow RR

What emergency procedure would be preformed for a patient with a

epidural hematoma? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Burr holes -

release blood accumulated in the between the skull and dura bc it can

cause neurological deficits and respiratory arrest

Partial preview of the text

Download NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |

VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM (JUST

RELEASED)

What would require immediate intervention for a patient with head trauma? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ CSF drainage: meningitis infection can occur

A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs
A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)
Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI
GCS - score <
Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing
Changes in pupils What would require immediate intervention for a patient with TBIs? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Dolls eyes (dilation of eyes), fixation of pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate herniation
When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into the same direction = bad response
- opposite direction = normal response Clinical manifestations that require immediate intervention for acute SDH? - --------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Coma, increase BP, decreased HR, slow RR What emergency procedure would be preformed for a patient with a epidural hematoma? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Burr holes - release blood accumulated in the between the skull and dura bc it can cause neurological deficits and respiratory arrest

Early s/s of increased ICP ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ change in LOC - earliest

disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory effort (Kussmals), purposeless movements, mental confusion,
pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements

Late s/s of increased ICP (vital sign changes) ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------- Cushing's Triad - bradycardia, bradypnea, widen pulse pressure (increased systolic, decreased diastolic_

increased BP and temp Late signs of increased ICP ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ patient becomes erratic
GCS score <
LOC continues to deteriorate
Chain-stokes (rhythmic waxing and waning of ate and depth with brief episodes of apnea
Ataxic breathing - irregular breathing with random deep and shallow breath
projectile vomiting
hemiplegia
decorticate
decerebrate
flaccidity before death
loss of brain stem reflexes: pupillary, corneal, gag, and swallowing reflexes are not present (signs of approaching death) Normal ICP pressure ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 5 - 15 mmHg

What are complication of craniotomy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------- increased ICP

bleeding from site
CSF leakage - emergency
infections - assess with REEDA
DI
SIADH
seizures What pt are more susceptible to opportunistic variations of meningitis? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER------------------ college students
Millitary personal
dense community groups
those who have not been vaccinated before
tobacco users
pt who have upper viral respiratory infections
have otitis media
pts with immune deficiencies
pt with mastoiditis
Aseptic meningitis can effect pt with (cancer, HIV, AIDS, weaken immune system Care of a client with encephalitis from herpes simplex? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Acyclovir - early administration, continues for 3 weeks
comfort measures to reduce headaches: cluster care, dim lights, limit noise, and visitors, administer analgesics, place pt further away from the nurses station
monitor for changes in LOC
seizure precautions

Care of a client with encephalitis from arthropod-Borne virus? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ No TX; but report to the local health department

if fever and headache - tx at home
if very ill - tx at the hospital
assess neurological status Q1H - identifies deterioration and improvement of the condition
fall and seizure precautions Prevention education for arthropod-Borne virus ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ wear clothing that provides covering
insect repellent on clothing and skin in high areas
remain indoors at dawn and dusk
remove standing water What occurs during HuntingtonS disease? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------a genetic chronic, progressive that cause premature death of brain cells that help to control voluntary (intentional) movement
causes muscle Spasticity Medical management for Huntington disease? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ No tx or revertive of underlying process
Tx the symptoms
Tp tx chorea - tetrabenzine, bentos, neuroleptic drugs
to tx Akathisia (motor restlessness) - occurs when pt is over medicated, decrease drug causing symtoms
To tx rigidity - antiparkinsons meds (Levodopa)
To control psychiatric symptoms - fluoxitive, amitriptyline Nursing intervention for patient with Hungtions disease that are at risk for falls? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ pad sides of bed
padded heals and elbow protectors

do not isolate pt by ceasing communication with them Nursing interventions for pt with Huntington's disease who have acute confusion and impaired socialization ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----- reorient the pt after awaking
have a clock, calendar, wall poster to assist with orientation
one-on-one contact
use music for relaxation
The pt wears a medical ID bracelet
Keep PT in the social mainstream
recruit and train volunteers for social interaction
do not isolate pt by ceasing communication with them What happen during Myasthenia Gravis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------An autoimmune disorder affecting the myoneural junction that is characterized by varying degrees of Muscle weakness of the voluntary muscle With myasthenia gravis, pyridostigmine bromide worked if? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------There is improved muscle strength, control of fatigue, and improved ADLs
Medication must be given on time; delayed administration may exacerbate muscle weakness and make it impossible for pt to take meds orally What are adverse effects of anticholinergics ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------diarrhea, abd cramps, excessive saliva Other txs for myasthenia gravis ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ immunosuppressive (decreased production of antibody)

corticosteroids (prednisone)
Cytotoxic meds (Azathioprine)
IVIG (tx exacerbations)
Plasmapheresis - tx exacerbations
Thymectomy - can result in complete remission , but can take up to 3 years to take affect what drug should be avoided in myasthenia gravis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Procaine What is fibromyalgia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------it is a chronic pain syndrome that involves chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, stiffness, sleep disturbances, and functional impairment What are assessment findings of fibromyalgia ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------- chronic pain
chronic fatigue
generalized muscle aching
stiffness
sleep disturbances
functional impairment Predisposing factors for fibromyalgia ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----- female gender
anxiety
depression
physical trauma
emotional stress
sleep disorders
viral infections

education pt with multiple sclerosis to prevent falls ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ walk with feet apart to widen the base to support and increase walking stability

if loss of position instruct pt to watch feet while walking
gait training with assistive device
for incoordination and tremors use weighted wrist weights
pt is trained in transfer and ADLs expected outcomes for patents with a complete spinal cord injury --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------signifies loss of both sensory and voluntary motor communication from brain to peripherally, resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia expected outcomes for patients with an incomplete spinal cord lesion --------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------denotes the ability of the spinal cord to relay messages to and from the brain
sensory and motor function is preserved below the lesion expected outcomes for patient with central cord lesions ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------motor deficits in upper extremities compared to lower
sensory loss in upper extremities, bowel and bladder dysfunction is variable or completely preserved expected outcomes for patient with an anterior cord lesion --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ loss of pain, temp, and motor function below level of lesions
light touch, position, and vibration sensation remain intact

expected outcomes for patient with a lateral cord injury ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ipsilateral paralysis or paresis together with ipsilateral loss of touch, pressure, vibration, and contralateral loss of pain and temp Nursing management for pts in emergent burn care ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ insertion of indwelling cathether

monitor temp: hypothermia develops rapidly
NG tube inserted and low intermittent suction for burns greater than 20% or 25% TBSA
increased BP and HR: not good indicators due to inflammatory response
monitor circulation
to assess BP. - apply clean dressing under cuff to protect from contamination
elevate burn extremities - reduces edema
recolored urine
glycosuria What are the priorities for the acute phase of burns? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ wound care and closure
prevention and treatment of complications (infections)
daily nutritional support How long does the acute phase last? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ----- 48 - 72 hrs after the burn
from beginning of diuresis to near completion of wound care After 48hrs after burns what occurs? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----- airway obstruction caused bu upper respiratory edema
diureses pf large amount of urine with a low specific gravity
hyperthermia is normal, their is a resetting of the core temp

Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to promote skin integrity ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ report to PCP if any changes occur

assessment includes: size, color, odor, presence of eschar, exudate, epithelia buds, bleeding, granulation tissue, status of graft, healing of donor site, and condition of surrounding skin Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to relieve pain and discomfort ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ "pat, don't scratch" - to relieve post burn pruritis
Lack of sleep Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to promote physical mobility ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ encourage early ambulation
edema, contractions and hypertrophic scarring Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to strengthen and cope ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ tried, depression, anger, regression, manipulative behaviors, feeling of anger are common
at this point pts, face the reality of burn injury Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to support pt and family process ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ disrupted family roles
psychological, economic, and social impact on pt and family

Nursing interventions for pts during acute burn phase to monitor and manage complications ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ acute respiratory failure

ARDS
common signs f hypoxia, diminished breath sounds, wheezing, tachypnea, stridor, sputum tinged with soot (sloughed tracheal issues)
HF, pulmonary edema
hypermetabolism (tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated temp)
delirium How long does the rehabilitation phase last? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------- after the burn occurs to years
from major wound closure to return to individuals optimal level of physical and psychosocial adjustments What are the priorities for the rehabilitation phase of burns --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ prevention and tx of scars and contractures
physical, occupational, and vocational rehabilitation
functional and cosmetics reconstruction
psychological conseling What psychosocial symptoms will pts experience during rehabilitation state of burns ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ the reality and impact of injury begin to set in as pt recognize that survival is expected
devastating grief nd loss
PTSD
reintegration to home, community, schools, or workplace Partial thickness wounds ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------heal without scar

prevention and tx of scars ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ application of personalized elastic pressures bandages

these help promote looseness of colleges bundles and encourages parallel orientation of the college to skin sirface
these must be worn for 23hrs and remove when bathing and wound care only characteristics of first degree burns (Superficial wounds) ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ can be caused by sunburns, low-intensity flash, or superficial scald
involves the epidermis
apperception reddened, blanches with pressure, dry minimal or no edema, with possible blister
can present with tingling, hypesthesia, pain that is soothed by Colin, with peeling, and itching
recovers within a few days, may use orals pain meds, cool compress
skin lubrication and topical antimicrobial agents not indicates Characteristic of Second degree burns (partial thickness wounds) ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ can be caused by scalds, flash flames, or by contact
involves the epidermis portion of the dermis
appearance blistered, mottles red base, with disrupted epidermis, with weeping surface, and edema
presents with pain, hypesthesia, and sensitivity to air currents
it recovers in about 2-3 weeks, some scarring and depigmentation possible, and may require some grafting Characteristics of third degree burns (Full thickness burns) ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ caused by flames, prolonged exposure to hot liquids, electric currents, chemical, or contact exposure

involves the epidermis, dermis, and may involve connective tissue and muscle
appears as dry, pale white, red-brown, lethargy, or charred skin; has coagulated vessels that may be visible and presents with edema
presents as insensate, shock, myoglobinuria (red pigment in urine), possible hemolysis, with possible contact points (entrance and exit wounds in electrical burns)
is tx what eschar removal, grafting is necessary, scarring and loss of contour and function forth degree burns (full thickness burns) ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ caused by prolonged exposure or high-voltage injuries
involves deep tissue, muscle, and bone
the appearance of charred skin
presents as shock, myoglobinuria, and hemolysis
Is TX with amputations likely, grafting of no benefit given the depth and severity of wounds What is the goal of mechanical wound debridement ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ remove devitalized (eschar) tissue or burn eschar in preparation or grafting and wound healing
removal of tissue contaminated by bacteria and foreign bodies, thereby protecting the pt from invasion of bacteria What is expected in mechanical wound debridement ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ surgical tools are use to separate and remove eschar
it is performed by PP, trained nurse, pt during routine dressing changes
bleeding is normal, apply hemostatic agent or apply pressure to relieve
wet-to-wet, or wet-to-moist dressing changes
assess distal pulses for perfusion

urinary output or normal or decreased
- N/V, diarrhea, decreased GI motility
rising bilirubin a
decreased PLT count
increased serum glucose and insulin resistance
confusion and agitation
increased: lactate level, WBC, CRP, prolactin level Manifestations during the progressive stage in septic shock --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ BP does not respond to fluid resuscitation
AKI
pulmonary dysfunction Manifestations when septic shock has occured ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ decreased BP
skins cool, pale, mottled
temperature is normal or decreased
tachycardia
tachypnea
- no urine production
death What to complete during the first hour of the sepsis bundle --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ measure lactate level
obtain blood cultures prior to administration of antibiotics
administer broad-spectrum antibiotics
begin rapid administration of 30ml/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate levels greater than 4mol/L
administer vasopressors if pt is hypotensive during or after fluid resuscitation with MAP > 65

What to complete within 3 hours of the sepsis bundle ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ obtain lactate level

obtain blood cultures prior to amministration of antibiotics
administer prescribed broad-spectrum antiobiotics
initiate aggressive fluid resuscitation in pt with hypotensive and elevate serum lactate levels greater than 4mmol/L What to complete ASAP or within 6hrs of patient presents with sepsis symptoms ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ begin vasopressors agents if hypotension is not relieve and MAP <65, after initial resucitation
if hypotension persist or initial lactate is >4, reassess IV volume status, ad tissue perfusion Additional intervention in the sepsis bundle for early management --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------ assess urinary output of >0.5ml/kg/hr over a 6hr period
administer vasopressors - if no response, amdninster norepinephrine 1st
obtain blood, sputum, urine, wound cultures prior to administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics
supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation
transfuse with PRBC if hgb <7 (goal is 7-9)
provide adequate IV sedation and analgesia
control glucose <180 with IV insulin
prevent DVTs with prophylaxis therapy
advanced care planning What are the 3 Stages of shock? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Compensatory
Progressive
Irreversible