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NSG 3250 Adult Health I Exam 1 2025 Questions
with Verified Answers Guaranteed A Pass A
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Type 1 diabetes a metabolic disorder characterized by an absence of insulin production and secretion from autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes, or juvenile diabetes Type 2 diabetes a metabolic disorder characterized by the relative deficiency of insulin production and a decreased insulin action and increased insulin resistance. Formerly called non- insulin-dependent, adult-onset, or type II diabetes. Heparin Indication: venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment, low dose used to ensure patency of IV catheters Action: Increases the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa Class: anticoagulant/ antithrombotic Nursing considerations: monitor for signs of bleeding, monitor platelet count, may cause hyperkalemia, have patient report any signs of bleeding Enoxaparin
Indication: Prevention of VTE, DVT and PE Action: Prevents thrombus formation by potentiating the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin Class: anticoagulant/ antithrombotic Considerations: contraindicated in pork hypersensitivity, monitor for signs of bleeding, administer in SubQ tissue, DO NOT eject air bubble prior to injection, DO NOT aspirate or massage site Acetaminophen Indication: pain, fever Action: inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins which play a role in transmission of pain signals and fever response Class: antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic Considerations: DO NOT exceed 4,000mg of acetaminophen per day to limit risk for liver, renal, and cardiac damage; overdose will lead to hepatotoxicity; acetadote is the antidote for overdose; may increase risk for bleeding with warfarin therapy; may alter blood glucose measurements Ibuprofen Indication: mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states Action: decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins Class: antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory agents; nonopioid analgesics
Implementation actualization or carrying out of the nursing plan of care through nursing interventions Interprofessional collaborative practice employing multiple health professionals to work together with patients, families, and communities to deliver best practices, thus ensuring best patient outcomes Morality Specific beliefs or actions whose outcomes are often examined utilizing the principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, double effect, and distributive justice Moral dilemma situation in which two or more ethically plausible principles are in opposition to each other and only one may be chosen Moral distress internal response that occurs when a health care provider believes they inherently know the correct ethical action that is needed but cannot act on that knowledge
Moral integrity virtue composed of veracity, fidelity, benevolence, wisdom, and moral courage Moral problem competing moral claim or principle; one principle is clearly dominant Moral uncertainty internal conflict that arises when the person cannot define what the moral situation is or what moral principles apply but has a strong feeling that something is not right Nursing according to the American Nurses Association (2015b), "the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations" (p. 1) Nursing diagnosis A clinical judgement concerning a person's, family's, or community's actual or potential health problems, state of health promotion, or potential risk that can be managed by independent nursing interventions
a project whose aim is to develop curricula that prepare future nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) required to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care system through demonstrating competency in patient- centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics Telehealth the use of technology to deliver health care, health information, or health education at a distance The Joint Commission a nonprofit organization that accredits hospitals and health care organizations Wellness The ability to perform well, adjust and adapt to varying situations, and report feeling well and harmonious Maslow's hierarchy of needs Physiologic needs - > safety and security - > belongingness and affection - > esteem and self-respect - > self-actualization Steps of nursing process:
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation Activities of daily living (ADLs): personal care activities such as bathing, dressing, grooming, eating, toileting, and transferring Adaptive device a type of assistive technology that is used to change the environment or help the person to modify the environment Assistive device a type of assistive technology that helps people with disabilities perform a given task Assistive technology any item, piece of equipment, or product system that is used to improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities; this term encompasses both assistive devices and adaptive devices
a specialty area of practice that provides nursing services to patients from adolescence through the end-of-life in hospital-based and community-based settings Orthosis an external appliance that provides support, prevents or corrects joint deformities, and improves function Prosthesis a device used to replace a body part Rehabilitation Making able again; learning or relearning skills or abilities or adjusting existing functions to meet maximum potential Rehabilitation nursing A speciality area of evidence-based practice that provides holistically-focused nursing services to patients who have been incapacitated by illness or injury or are facing potentially life-altering health conditions throughout their lifespan Rehospitalization admission to the hospital within 30 days of a prior discharge from a hospitalization
Telehealth The use of technology to provide health care services Third-party payer an organization or insurance company that provides reimbursement for services covered by a health plan Transfer Movement of a patient from one place to another, such as a bed to chair , chair to commode, or wheelchair to tub Transitional care a process of ensuring consistency and coordination of care as patients move within and between health care settings Ambulatory surgery includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay
Perioperative phase period of time that constitutes the surgical experience; includes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of nursing care Postoperative phase period of time that begins with the admission of the patient to the postanesthesia care unit and ends after follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home Preadmission testing diagnostic testing performed before admission to the hospital Preoperative phase period of time from when the decision for surgical intervention is made to when the patient is transferred to the operating room table Anesthesia a state of narcosis or severe central nervous system depression produced by pharmacologic agents Anesthesiologist
physician trained to deliver anesthesia and to monitor the patient's condition during surgery Anesthetic agent the substance, such as a chemical or gas, used to induce anesthesia Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA): advanced practice registered nurse who delivers anesthesia care under the direction of an anesthesiologist Circulating nurse registered nurse who coordinates and documents patient care in the operating room Laparoscope a thin endoscope inserted through a small incision into a cavity or joint using fiber- optic technology to project live images of structures onto a video monitor; other small incisions allow additional instruments to be inserted to facilitate laparoscopic surgery Malignant hyperthermia
Evidence-based practice (EBP) a best practice derived from valid and reliable research studies that also considers the health care setting, patient preferences and values, and clinical judgment Moderate sedation previously referred to as conscious sedation, involves the use of sedation to depress the level of consciousness without altering the patient's ability to maintain a patent airway and to respond to physical stimuli and verbal commands Monitored anesthesia care moderate sedation administered by an anesthesiologist or anesthetist (CRNA) Multimodal anesthesia the intentional practice of using a combination of nonopioid pharmaceuticals and regional anesthesia techniques Registered nurse first assistant a member of the operating room team whose responsibilities may include handling tissue, providing exposure at the operative field, suturing, and maintaining hemostasis
Restricted zone area in the operating room where scrub attire and surgical masks are required; includes operating room and sterile core areas Scrub role registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, or surgical technologist who scrubs and dons sterile surgical attire, prepares instruments and supplies, and hands instruments to the surgeon during the procedure Semi restricted zone area in the operating room where scrub attire is required; may include areas where surgical instruments are processed Sterile technique measures taken to maintain an area free from living microorganisms, including all spores Surgical asepsis absence of microorganisms in the surgical environment to reduce the risk of infection
area designated for care of surgical patients who have been transferred from a phase I PACU because their condition no longer requires the close monitoring provided in a phase I PACU. The patient is prepared for transfer to an inpatient unit or for discharge from the facility Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) area where postoperative patients are monitored as they recover from anesthesia Second-intention healing method of healing in which wound edges are not surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored by the process known as granulation Diabetes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) a metabolic derangement, most commonly occurring in type 1 diabetes, that results from a deficiency of insulin; highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, resulting in acidosis Fasting plasma glucose
blood glucose determination obtained in the lab after fasting for at least 8 hours Gestational diabetes any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy Glycated hemoglobin a measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose molecule attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120 days) Glycemic index the amount a given food increases the blood glucose level compared with an equivalent amount of glucose Hyperglycemia elevated blood glucose level Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) a metabolic disorder, most commonly of type 2 diabetes resulting from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an illness that raises the demand for insulin
