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Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Q&A Guide, Exams of Nursing

Regis UniversityNursing

A detailed overview of substance use disorders (suds), covering various aspects such as symptoms, types of addictions, intoxication, tolerance, withdrawal, and treatment approaches. it includes numerous questions and answers covering different substances like caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, and opioids, making it a valuable resource for students studying suds. The guide also delves into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction and the role of genetics and neurotransmitters.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/22/2025

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NSG 32 2 Exam 4 (Substance
Use Disorders) with verified
answers
1. What are the 4 groups of symptoms experienced in SUD?:
1. Impaired control
2. Social Impairment
3. Risk Use
4. Physical effects
2. What are the physical effects of SUD?: Intoxication, Tolerance, WIthdrawal
3. What are Process Addictions: behaviors known to be addictive because
they are mood altering
4. Examples of Process Addictions: Gambling, compulsive buying,
compulsive exercise, and compulsive Internet or technology use
5. What are the 4 key concepts of SUD?:
Addiction Intoxication
Tolerance
Withdrawal
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Download Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Q&A Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

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NSG 322 Exam 4 (Substance

Use Disorders) with verified answers

  1. What are the 4 groups of symptoms experienced in SUD?:
    1. Impaired control
  2. Social Impairment
  3. Risk Use
  4. Physical effects
  5. What are the physical effects of SUD?: Intoxication, Tolerance, WIthdrawal
  6. What are Process Addictions: behaviors known to be addictive because

they are mood altering

  1. Examples of Process Addictions: Gambling, compulsive buying,

compulsive exercise, and compulsive Internet or technology use

  1. What are the 4 key concepts of SUD?:

Addiction Intoxication Tolerance Withdrawal

2 /

  1. What is addiction?: Chronic medical condition rooted in the EV, neurotransmis- sion, genetics, and life expeirences
  2. What occurs as the person w/ addiction cycles w/ relapse and remission?- : W/O intervention it leads to premature death
  3. What is intoxication?: The process when people use a substance to excess
  4. What is tolerance?: the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
  5. What is Withdrawal?: Set of physiological symptoms that occurs when a person stops using a substance
  6. What is likely when there are intense withdrawal symptoms?: Person is likely to relapse
  7. What symptoms could be present with behavioral addictions?: Cravings Sleep disruption Anxiety Depression
  8. what are Schedule I drugs? Ex: drugs with no accepted medical use and has a high potential of abuse
  • Heroin, LSD
  1. What are Schedule II drugs? Ex?: High potential for abuse, considered dan- gerous

4 / Testosterone, Acetaminophen/Codeine, Buprenorphine

  1. What are schedule IV drugs?: Low-risk drugs
  • Only available by prescription Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Propoxyphene/Acetaminophen
  1. What are Schedule V drugs?: Limited quantities of narcotics for diarrhea, coughing, pain.
  • Available OTC Atropine/Diphenoxylate, Guaifenesin/Codeine, Pregabalin
  1. What is the most common illicit drug use disorder?: Marijuana
  2. How does Genetics play a role in SUD?: Substance disorders runs in families
  3. How do neurotransmitters play a role in SUD?: Opioid acts on opioid recep- tors
  • Those w/ too little natural opioid activity might be prone to self-medicating w/ opioid drugs
  1. What Neurotransmitters are involved in development of SUD?: For Opioids: Catecholamine especially dopamine GABA

5 /

  1. What neurotransmitter in the VTA is especially important in the sensation of reward?: Dopaminergic
  2. What is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world?: Caf- feine
  3. How long does caffeine effects take?: 15 minutes
  • Lasts 6+ hours
  1. What are behavioral symptoms of caffeine intoxication?: Restlessness, ner- vousness, excitement, agitation, rambling speech, inexhaustibility
  2. What are physical symptoms of caffeine intoxication?: flushed face, diure- sis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, tachycardia, or cardiac arrhyth- mia
  3. What could increase risk for caffeine overdose?: OTCs such as diet aids, decongestants, bronchodilators, stay-awake preparations
  4. What are symptoms of caffeine overdose?: - fever, tachycardia or bradycar- dia, and hypertension initially, followed by hypotension
  5. What are symptoms of extremely severe caffeine overdose?: - grand mal seizures, and respiratory failure may cause death

7 /

  1. What is Epidolex used for?: Epilepsy
  2. Difference between THC and CBD?: CBD does not cause intoxication
  3. Who has the highest prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder?: 18- year olds
  4. What does cannabis do to a person's senses?: Heightens sensations
  • brighter colors, new details in common stimuli, slows time
  1. What could high doses of Cannabis cause?: Depersonalization and Dereal- ization
  2. How long are motor skills impacted after using cannabis?: 8-12 hours
  3. What is required to Dx Cannabis Intoxication?: 2 physical symptoms required for Dx of Cannabis Intoxication
  4. Conjunctival injection (red eyes from vessel dilation)
  5. increased appetite
  6. dry mouth
  7. tachycardia
  8. When does cannabis withdrawal occur?: Starts late - about 1 week after cessation
  9. S/S of cannabis withdrawal: - irritability, anger, aggression, anxiety, restless- ness, and depressed mood

8 /

  • Insomnia and disturbing dreams
  • “appetite may lead to weight loss
  1. Physical Symptoms of Cannabis withdrawal: 1. Abdominal pain
  2. Shakiness
  3. Sweating
  4. Fever
  5. Chills
  6. Headache
  7. What is the main principles of Cannabis Tx?: Abstinence and Support
  8. What medication can be used for Cannabis Tx?: - Antianxiety medication used short-term relief of withdrawal symptoms Those w/ underlying anxiety/depression may respond to antidepressant therapy
  9. What effects does hallucinogens cause?: profound disturbance in reality
  10. Classification of Hallucinogens: Schedule I Drug
  11. What are 2 categories of hallucinogens?: Classic Hallucinogens - LSD Dissociative Drugs - PCP, Ketamine
  12. Expected manifestation of Hallucinogen Intoxication: Significant psycholog- ical and behaivral changes
  13. S/S of Intoxication of Hallucinogens: - Paranoia, impaired judgment,

10 / Hyperthermia and seizures may occur

11 /

  1. PCP Intoxication Tx: Cannot be talked down - May require restraint
  • Mechanical cooling may be necessary
  1. What meds could be used for PCP Intoxication?: Benzos to calm them down
  2. What could occur during withdrawal of Hallucinogens?: Hallucinogen per- sisting perception disorder - especially from LSD
  3. What is the Hallmark of HPPD?: reexperiencing of perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated
  • Can last for weeks to years
  1. What population usually uses inhalants?: Youth
  2. What complication can result d/t Inhalant use?: Sudden Sniffing Death
  3. What is Sudden Sniffing Death caused by?: Caused by cardiac arrhythmias that may occur w/ inhalants
  • Particularly butane and propane
  1. Effects of Small Doses of Inhalant?: disinhibition and euphoria
  2. Effects of High doses of Inhalant?: fearfulness, illusions, auditory/visual hal- lucinations, distorted body image
  3. Phyisical Symptoms of Inhalant use?: - nausea, anorexia, nystagmus, de- pressed reflexes, and diplopia
  4. Physical symptoms of High doses of Inhalant Use?: stupor,

13 /

  1. What are S/S of Opioid Withdrawal?: Piloerection Rhinorrhea Lacrimation Gooseflesh Mood dysphoria Yawning
  2. What is Methadone?: Synthetic narcotic opioid
  3. Why is Methaodone used in opioid withdrawal?: Decrease painful symptoms of opiate withdrawal
  4. MoA of Methadone?: Blocks euphoric effects of opiate drugs
  • eventually needs to be tapered off
  1. SE for Methadone: Hives, rash, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
  2. When should someone seek medical care when taking Methadone?: diffi- culty breathing, swallow breathing, feeling lightheaded, chest pain, fast or pounding Heartbeat, Hallucinations, Confusion
  3. What could help reduce symptoms of opioid withdrawal?: Clonidine (Cat- apres) - Alpha Agonist Antihypertensive
  4. MoA of Clonidine: Blocks Neurotransmitters that trigger SNS activity
  • eases sweating, hot flashes, watery eyes, restlessness

14 /

  1. What medication could help people reduce or quit opiates?: Buprenorphine
  • Opioid Partial Agonist
  1. When should Buprenorphine be given?: Used only after abstaining from opioids for 12-24 hours and in early stages of withdrawal
  2. What could occur if Buprenorphine is used when a person is not in the early stages of withdrawal or has opioids in their system?: can result in acute withdrawal
  3. How does Buprenorphine work?: Produces effects such as euphoria and respiratory depression but weaker than those of drugs like heroin or Methadone
  4. SE of buprenorphine: N/V, constipation, muscle aches/cramps, insomnia, irri- tability, fever
  5. What could be given to reduce cravings in maintenance therapy of OUD?- : Buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone
  6. What drug blocks opioid drugs from producing rewarding effects such as euphoria ?: Naltrexone
  7. What could be given once a month to prevent relapse of OUD?: Vivitrol
  8. What the typical feature of Sedative, Hypnotic, Antianxiety Med Use Disor- der?: Craving
  9. S/S of Intoxication in Sedative, Hypnotic, Antianxiety Med Use Disorder?:

16 /

  • Coma could occur
  • Inappropriate aggression, sexual behavior, mood fluctuation, impaired judgment
  1. How is Intoxication in Sedative, Hypnotic, Antianxiety Med Use Disorder Tx?: Gastric lavage, Activated Charcoal, careful VS monitoring
  2. S/S of Withdrawal of Sedative, Hypnotic, Antianxiety Med Use Disorder:
  • Autonomic hyperactivity, tremor, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, grand mal seizures
  1. How is Benzo Addiction treated?: Gradual reduction to prevent seizures
  2. How is barbiturate withdrawal treated?: Long-acting barbiturate - Phenobar- bital
  3. Effects of Stimulants: Typically produce euphoric feeling and high energy Prevalence high in:
  • Long-distance truckers, students, soldiers, athletes
  1. S/S of Stimulant Intoxication?: May feel superhuman: elated, euphoric, so- ciable
  • Can also be hypervigilant, sensitive, anxious, tense, angry
  1. S/S of Stimulant Withdrawal: S/S begins within few hours to several days
  • tiredness, vivid nightmares, increased appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, and psychomotor retardation or agitation; Functionality is impaired;

17 / Depression and SI common

  1. Tx for Amphetamine withdrawal?: Inpatient usually necessary w/ individual, group, and family therapy
  2. What med could be used for Stimulant Withdrawal for agitation and hy- peractivity?: Diazepam (Valium)
  3. What can be used for depression following Stimulant Withdrawal?: Bupro- pion (Wellbutrin)
  4. What are symptoms of Tobacco use disorder?: Craving, persistent, and recurrent use, and tolerance
  • Dependence happens very quickly
  1. Symptoms of Withdrawal?: - irritability, anxiety, depression, difficulty concen- trating, restlessness, and insomnia
  2. What occurs to HR within days of tobacco cessation?: HR decrease by 5-12 bpm
  3. What occurs to weight within 1st year of tobacco cessation?: Weight increase 4-7 lbs
  4. What therapy can help recognize cravings?: Behavioral Therapy
  5. What med can help w/ cravings and withdrawal symptoms of Tobacco?- : Bupropion (Zyban)