Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

NSG 320 Exam 1 Study Notes, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

Virginia State University (VSU)Nursing

NSG 320 Exam 1 Study NotesNSG 320 Exam 1 Study Notes

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Available from 07/06/2025

mindshaper
mindshaper šŸ‡ŗšŸ‡ø

547 documents

1 / 89

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
1 / 24
NSG 320 Exam 1 Study Notes
1. In respiratory alkalosis: - pH is high and PaCO2 is low
-Caused by:
*HYPERVENTILATION
*Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
*Pain
*Fear/anxiety
*Salicylate or Nicotine overdose
*Increased metabolism
-Compensation rarely occurs due to aggressive treatment for hypoxemia
2. In respiratory acidosis: "When you're on acid, you're relaxing and HYPOventi- lating"
-pH is low and PaCO2 is high
-Caused by:
*HYPOVENTILATION
*Respiratory failure
*Asthma attacks
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c
pf4d
pf4e
pf4f
pf50
pf51
pf52
pf53
pf54
pf55
pf56
pf57
pf58
pf59

Partial preview of the text

Download NSG 320 Exam 1 Study Notes and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NSG 320 Exam 1 Study Notes

1. In respiratory alkalosis: - pH is high and PaCO2 is low

- Caused by:

* HYPERVENTILATION

* Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders

* Pain

* Fear/anxiety

* Salicylate or Nicotine overdose

* Increased metabolism

- Compensation rarely occurs due to aggressive treatment for hypoxemia

2. In respiratory acidosis: "When you're on acid, you're relaxing and HYPOventi- lating"

- pH is low and PaCO2 is high

- Caused by:

* HYPOVENTILATION

* Respiratory failure

* Asthma attacks

* COPD

* Chest injury or trauma

* Pulmonary edema

* Fasting/starving

* Cardiac arrest

* Sepsis

*Trauma

* Seizures

* Renal failure

* Severe diarrhea

  • Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO

5. Normal values for ABG: - pH: 7.35 - 7.

  • PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
  • HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
  • PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
  • SaO2: >95%
  • Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L

6. Thyroid hormones: - TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone

  • T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
  • T4: Thyroxine hormone

7. Euthyroid: - Normal functioning thyroid

Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine

9. Primary hypothyroidism: - Caused by destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis

  • Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be caused by Hashimo- to's thyroiditis or Graves' disease

10. Secondary hypothyroidism: - Caused by pituitary disease TSH secretion or

hypothalamic dysfunction with decreased-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion

11. Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism: - Slow and low

  • Decreased body processes
  • Decreased cardiac contractility and output
  • Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
  • Anemia

12. Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism: - TSH higher than 4.

13. Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism: - Thyroid replacement

  • Monitor for CV disease
  • Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
  • Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and/or insomnia
  • Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
  • Nutrition therapy for weight loss
  • Patient and caregiver teaching

* Comply with lifelong thyroid therapy

16. Hyperthyroidism: - Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland with sustained increase in synthesis and release

of thyroid hormones

  • Causes:

* Graves' disease

*Toxic nodular goiter

*Thyroiditis

* Excess iodine intake

* Pituitary tumors

*Thyroid cancer

17. Graves' disease: - An autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by diffuse

thyroid enlargement and excess thyroid hormone secretion

  • May present with myasthenia gravis, DM, celiac disease, and pernicious anemia
  • Precipitating factors:

* Insufficient iodine supply

* Cigarette smoking

* Infection

* Stressful life events may interact with genetic factors

  • Hereditary

18. Clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism: - Goiter (enlarged thyroid)

  • Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs)

* May cause corneal ulcers or loss of vision.

* Changes in the ocular muscles may result in muscle weakness causing diplopia

  • Early signs are weight loss and increased nervousness
  • Directly increases metabolism and tissue sensitivity to stimulation by the sympa- thetic nervous system

19. RAIU: - Used to distinguish Graves' disease from other forms of thyroiditis

20. Pathophysiology for goiter: - Antibodies bind to TSH and cause thyroid gland to overproduce T3 & T

  • However, goiter can be exhibited with hypothyroidism as well

21. Exophthalmos: - Forward protrusion of the eyes

  • Caused by inflammation byproducts accumulating in the retro-orbital tissues
  • Occurs in 1/
  • Can be unilateral
  • Accompanied by blurred vision, diplopia, pain, tearing, and photophobia
  • Resulting inability to close eyes completely increases risk of corneal dryness, irritation, infection and ulceration
  • Ocular muscle involvement can lead to paralysis of eyes
  • Usually not reversible

22. propylthiouracil (PTU) or methimazole (Tapazole): - Initial antithyroid therapy

  • Prevents formulation of thyroid hormones by inhibiting thyroid binding of iodine
  • Inhibits release of thyroid hormones
  • Side effects include depression, tremors, diabetes insipidus,
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Monitor for wt gain, slow HR, and cold intolerance

26. Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI): - Thyroid gland picks up the local radiation, which destroys

some of the cells that produce thyroid hormone

  • Not used in pregnancy
  • Encourage fluids as RAI is excreted through kidneys
  • May take 6-8 weeks for full symptom relief
  • Hypothyroidism major side effect

27. Pre DM: - Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or both

  • Typically occurs before DM 2
  • Typically do not have any symptoms
  • Education VITAL so pt does not develop type 2 DM

* Undergo screening

* Manage risk factors

* Monitor for symptoms of DM

* Maintain healthy weight, exercise, and diet

28. Metabolic syndrome: - Common condition that places patients at risk for pre DM

* Abdominal obesity

* Hyperglycemia fasting of more than 100

* Hypertension 130/

* Hyperlipidemia trig more than 150 HDL less than 40- 50

29. Type 1 DM: - Formerly known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent

  • Accounts for 5-10% of people
  • Affects people under age of 40, but can occur at any age
  • Osmotic effect of glucose products the manifestations of polydipsia and polyuria

30. Clinical manifestations for type 1 DM: - CLASSIC SYMPTOMS:

* Polyuria

* Polydipsia

* Polyphagia

  • Weight loss
  • Weakness
  • Fatigue
  • Rapid onset
  • Insulin dependent
  • Familial tendency
  • Peak incidence between 10 to 15 years