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NSG 3100 EXAM 4 NEWEST ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) 2024- 2025 | GALEN COLLEGE
Dave, a 6-year-old boy, was rushed to the hospital following her mother's complaint that her son has been vomiting, nauseated and has overall weakness. After a series of tests, the nurse notes the laboratory results: potassium: 2.9 mEq. Which primary acid-base imbalance is this boy at risk for if medical intervention is not carried out? a. Respiratory Alkalosis b. Respiratory Aidosis c. Metabolic Alkalosis d. Metabolic Acidosis Correct Answer d. Metabolic Acidosis A company driver is found at the scene of an automobile accident in a state of emotional distress. He tells the paramedics that he feels dizzy tingling in his fingertips, and does not remember what happened to his car. Respiratory rate is rapid at 34/minute. Which primary acid- base disturbance is the young man at risk for if medical attention is not provided? a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Metabolic Acidosis c. Respiratory Alkalosis
d. Metabolic Alkalosis Correct Answer c. Respiratory Alkalosis The nurse is discussing dietary intake with a patient who is on a renal diet. The nurse informs the patient that the diet will specifically include which of the following? a. Restriction of potassium and sodium b. Increase in complex carbohydrates c. Increase in folic acid intake d. Reduction in caffeine intake Correct Answer a. Restriction of potassium and sodium When introducing a feeding to a patient with an indwelling tube for enteral nutrition, the nurse should first a. irrigate the tube with normal saline solution b. verify tube placement c. place the patient in a supine position d. determine residual volume Correct Answer b. verify tube placement A patient is having a nasogastric tube removed. The nurse should a. apply wall suction during the removal b. insert 50 to 100 mL of water to clear the tube c. ask the patient to take a deep breath and hold it d. remove the tube slowly in small increments Correct Answer c. ask the patient to take a deep breath and hold it
A nasogastric tube has been recently inserted in order for the patient to receive intermittent tube feedings. The action by the nurse that requires correction by the unit manager is a. placing the end of the tube in water and observing for bubbling b. checking the radiological report c. measuring the pH of aspirated secretions d. verifying the placement markings Correct Answer a. placing the end of the tube in water and observing for bubbling The nurse recognizes that the individual with an inborn error of metabolism with a failure to properly metabolize amino acids has a. diabetes b. kwashiorkor c. Crohn disease d. phenylketonurias Correct Answer d. phenylketonurias You are leading a study group and teaching your fellow students about hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. One of the students ask you to tell them which solution is hypertonic: a. Lactated ringers b. 0.45% normal saline c. D5 0.45% NS d. 0.9% NS Correct Answer c. D5 0.45% NS
You are teaching your pt about nutrition. Which statement requires reinforcement of teaching? a. Complex carbohydrates take longer to break down b. Simple carbohydrates give me quick energy c. Simple carbohydrates come from fruit or milk d. Fiber is a part of carbohydrates and I need at least 40g a day Correct Answer d. Fiber is a part of carbohydrates and I need at least 40g a day You delegated feeding Mr. Smith, a 98y retired golf instructor who has had 4 strokes in the past year and is on pureed honey-thick liquids. Which action by the aide requires the nurse to intervene? a. Use thickened liquids b. Encourage slow eating c. Raise the head of the bed to 25 degree d. Have the patient alternate between food and sips of fluids Correct Answer c. Raise the head of the bed to 25 degree The nurse is caring for a pt getting TPN. They know it is most important to: a. Educate the pt on all possible adverse effects associated with TPN b. Administer the TPN in a central line with normal saline to prevent electrolyte imbalance c. have the pt head of bed at least 30 degrees when giving the solution
You know the second most reliable method to determine if an NG tube is in the right spot if: a. Aspirate contents to visually inspect the appearance b. Measure the tube from the bridge of the nose to the chin, to the xiphoid process c. Pushing the NG tube until the pt gags mean you entered the stomach d. Measurement of PH of the aspirate Correct Answer d. Measurement of PH of the aspirate A pt with iron deficiency anemia would benefit most from which meal? a. Whole grains, berries, and organic veggies b. Steamed veggies, baked fish, and pasta c. Legumes, organ meat, and dark green leafy veggies d. Nuts, seeds, fruits, and soy products Correct Answer c. Legumes, organ meat, and dark green leafy veggies You are caring for a pt with a serum sodium of 120. Which intervention is priory? a. Perform regular neurological checks and institute seizure precautions b. Encourage the pt to eat foods that are high in sodium c. Educate the pt on nutritious choices of high-sodium foods d. Administer hypotonic IV solution as ordered by the physician Correct Answer a. Perform regular neurological checks and institute seizure precaution
You are teaching your pt about the correlation between health and BMI. Which statement by the pt requires the nurse to intervene? a. Increase in HDL b. Increase in bp c. Increase in total cholesterol d. Increased risk of development of atherosclerosis Correct Answer a. Increase in HDL You are reviewing your pts lab values. Which finding needs to be reported to the Dr immediately? a. Serum potassium level of 6. b. Serum sodium level of 134 c. Serum chloride level of 85 d. Serum magnesium level of 2. Correct Answer a. Serum potassium level of 6. You are caring for a pt with diabetic ketoacidosis. What do you expect to see as the body compensates? a. The patient is sleepy and difficult to arouse b. The patient's skin is pale, cool, and diaphoretic c. The patient's urine is dark and concentrated d. The patient's respiration is very deep and rapid Correct Answer d. The patient's respiration is very deep and rapid A pt is 1-day post-op from surgery and is on a clear liquid diet. Which meal can the pt have? a. Vanilla custard and strawberry jello
hours. How much remaining fluid do they have until the end of the day? a. 300ml b. 150ml c. 250ml d. 100ml Correct Answer b. 150ml Your pt is on aspiration precautions and thickened liquids. What documentation done by a new nurse requires the charge nurse to provide additional teaching? a. Pt lung sounds were clear before lunch but slight crackles were noted after eating - Dr notified b. Pt sat up at 45 degrees during the meal and no s/s of aspiration was noted c. Pt reported anxiety before eating as he reported choking yesterday d. Pt didn't touch peas as he said ''I hate peas!'' Correct Answer d. Pt didn't touch peas as he said ''I hate peas!'' Your patient's potassium is 6.0, their sodium is 139, and their calcium is 9.8. Which food items should they avoid? a. Nuts, broccoli, bananas, and cantaloupe b. Cereals, chips, cheese, and ham c. Legumes, and grains d. Cashews, tofu, and wheat germs Correct Answer a. Nuts, broccoli, bananas, and cantaloupe
Your pt is terrified of getting scurvy after watching movies with pirates. What food will you recommend they eat to avoid this horrible cause? a. Peanuts, beans, and pork b. Liver, beef, and fish c. Corn, poultry, and grains d. Lemons and limes Correct Answer d. Lemons and limes You are caring for a pt with a diagnosis of CHF. The pt has a nursing diagnosis of hypervolemia. Which is the best goal? a. The patient's lung sounds will remain clear during the stay b. The patient pitting edema will be resolve within 72 hours c. The patient will verbalize understanding d. The patient will have urine ouput of at least 30 ml/hr during the stay Correct Answer a. The patient's lung sounds will remain clear during the stay You are teaching your pt that a lack of folic acid can cause: a. Depression, glossitis, and/or loose stools b. Constipation, bleeding gums, and thinning hair c. Osteocalcin, osteopenia, and/or osteoporosis d. Acne, edema, liver damage, and neural tube defects Correct Answer a. Depression, glossitis, and/or loose stools Which task can you delegate to UAP regarding enteral feeds? a. Obtain vital signs and report results to nurse
Your pt has metabolic alkalosis. You suspect this is caused by: a. Respiratory failure caused by pneumonia with pleural effusion b. Panic attack c. Widespread tissue ischemia caused by cardiogenic shock d. Gastroenteritis with severe nausea and vomiting Correct Answer d. Gastroenteritis with severe nausea and vomiting A pt overdosed on narcotic pain meds and was found unresponsive. You expect which ABG findings: a. Alkalotic pH and high HCO b. Acidic ph and high CO c. Basic ph and low CO d. Acidic pH and low HCO3 Correct Answer b. Acidic ph and high CO You have a pt with kidney failure, a potassium level of 7, and a magnesium level of 3.5. the pt is not diabetic. The doctor order insulin, you know the rationale is: a. Insulin will help the kidneys become more efficient at managing blood sugars b. Insulin will move the potassium from the blood into the cell causing a decrease in serum level c. Insulin will move the magnesium from the cells into the blood increasing the
serum level d. Insulin will increase the pts urine output until their kidneys recover by affecting the glomeruli Correct Answer b. Insulin will move the potassium from the blood into the cell causing a decrease in serum level Your pt is lacto-ovo-vegetarian. Which food items are acceptable to give to the pt? a. Pork, milk, and eggs b. Chicken, cheese, and grilled eggplant c. Boiled eggs and chocolate milk d. Oysters, yogurt, and turkey Correct Answer c. Boiled eggs and chocolate milk Which interventions should be 1st before starting enteral feedings on your pt? a. Evaluate the family's perception of the enteral feedings b. Asses the pts understanding of eternal feedings c. Make sure the pt stays on a clear liquid diet while enteral feeds are in use d. Assess pt allergies to shellfish Correct Answer b. Asses the pts understanding of eternal feedings A patient has a low magnesium level. Which food of the selection below is the highest in magnesium? a. Rhubarb and spinach b. Mushroom and cranberries c. Cashews and tofu
b. Osmotic pressure c. Weekly weights d. Skin turgor Correct Answer a. Cardiac rate and rhythms Insensible fluid losses include: a. Urine b. Bleeding c. Gastric drainage d. Perspiration Correct Answer d. Perspiration Pt is diagnosed with hypermagnesemia. S/S are: a. Tachycardia b. Hypertension c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflex d. Cardiac arrhythmias Correct Answer d. Cardiac arrhythmias Etiologies associated with hypocalcemia include: a. Frequent respiratory infection b. Hyperphosphatemia c. Frequent enemas d. Potassium wasting diuretics Correct Answer b. Hyperphosphatemia Pt is suffering from fluid volume excess. Which following S/S would the nurse expect to assess in the pt? a. Increased body temp, irritability, and coma b. Weight gain, hypertension, and dyspnea c. Decreased LOC, coma, and seizure
d. Orthostatic hypotension and prolonged capillary refill Correct Answer b. Weight gain, hypertension, and dyspnea Which of the following statements provides the rationale for using a hypotonic solution for a patient with FVD? a. hypotonic solution provides free water to help the kidneys eliminate the solute. b. A hypotonic solution supplies an excess of sodium and chloride ions. c. Excessive volumes are recommended in the early postoperative period. d. A hypotonic solution is used to treat hyponatremia. Correct Answer a. hypotonic solution provides free water to help the kidneys eliminate the solute. The nurse is caring for a patient who is very dehydrated. Which goal best indicates that dehydration has been corrected and that the patient's fluid balance has been restored? a. The patient had 1300 mL of light yellow urine in the last 24 hours. b. The patient's lung sounds are clear bilaterally. c. The patient has no jugular venous distention. d. The patient verbalizes need for adequate daily fluid intake. Correct Answer a. The patient had 1300 mL of light yellow urine in the last 24 hours. The nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which assessment
The school nurse suspects that the junior high student may have anorexia nervosa. This eating disorder is characterized by a. overeating b. self-imposed strict dieting c. binge-purge cycles d. excessive exercise Correct Answer b. self-imposed strict dieting It is recommended that adults consume approximately how much of their diet from carbohydrates? a. 20% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70% Correct Answer c. 50% The patient has had throat surgery and is able to have clear liquid oral intake. The nurse should offer the patient a. fresh squeezed orange juice b. chicken noodle soup c. apple juice d. oatmeal Correct Answer c. apple juice The nurse recommends that the patient include which of the following foods as a good source of omega-3? a. Salmon b. Chicken c. Lamb d. Liver Correct Answer a. Salmon
Which of the following techniques used by the new staff nurse for administering medications via an enteral tube requires correction by the charge nurse a. Giving the medications in their liquid form b. Adding the medications to the tube feeding c. Dissolving powdered medications in sterile water d. Flushing with 15 to 30 mL of sterile water after administration Correct Answer b. Adding the medications to the tube feeding The nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube. During the insertion, the patient starts to gag and becomes dyspneic. Which action should the nurse take? a. Withdraw the tube and start again b. Provide water for swallowing c. Check the back of the throat for coiling d. Use an anesthetic or analgesic spray Correct Answer b
. Provide water for swallowing On the basis of information for North America, which minimum waist circumference size puts a man in the high- risk category for heart disease? a. 35 inches b. 40 inches c. 45 inches d. 50 inches Correct Answer b. 40 inches One of the first indications of a fluid volume deficit is a. polyuria b. hypothermia c. tachycardia
