Download NSG 1550 NSG1550 Fundamentals of Nursing HESI-style exam Questions And Correct Answers (V and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NSG 1550 NSG1550 Fundamentals of Nursing HESI-style
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This set covers patient safety, infection control, vital signs, communication, hygiene, mobility, and nursing process.
- A nurse is assessing a client who has just received morphine. Which assessment is most important? a. Temperature b. Respiratory rate c. Urinary output d. Pupillary response Morphine can cause respiratory depression; therefore, respiratory rate is the priority assessment.
- The nurse is preparing to insert a Foley catheter. What is the first step in the procedure? a. Wash hands and don clean gloves b. Drape the client c. Lubricate the catheter d. Insert the catheter
Hand hygiene prevents infection and is always the first step in sterile procedures.
- Which action demonstrates proper use of the nursing process? a. Administering medication before assessing the client b. Assessing the client before creating a care plan c. Documenting after delegating care d. Diagnosing before assessing The nursing process begins with assessment, which informs diagnosis and planning.
- What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infection? a. Using gloves b. Performing hand hygiene c. Wearing a mask d. Cleaning surfaces Hand hygiene is the single most important intervention to reduce infection transmission.
- A client refuses medication. What is the nurse’s best initial response? a. Ask the client to explain their concerns b. Notify the healthcare provider c. Document the refusal only d. Educate on legal consequences Understanding the client’s reasoning promotes effective communication and patient autonomy.
b. Position the arm above heart level c. Ensure the cuff is snug and the arm is at heart level d. Take BP after the client walks A properly positioned arm and cuff prevent false readings. 10.A client has a temperature of 102.4°F (39.1°C). What is the priority nursing action? a. Cover with a blanket b. Encourage oral fluids c. Provide cool compresses d. Notify the provider Fluids help reduce fever and prevent dehydration. 11.A nurse is preparing to move a client with left-sided weakness. What is the safest action? a. Lift the client using their left side b. Use a gait belt and assist from the weaker side c. Let the client walk unassisted d. Support client under the arms Supporting the weaker side with a gait belt ensures safety during mobility. 12.Which scenario best represents evidence-based practice? a. Relying on personal experience b. Asking a peer for advice c. Using current research to plan care
d. Reading outdated textbooks Evidence-based practice integrates research to guide effective clinical care. 13.What is the most appropriate action before administering digoxin? a. Check blood pressure b. Check apical pulse for one full minute c. Check temperature d. Check blood sugar Digoxin can cause bradycardia, so apical pulse must be assessed. 14.The nurse is charting after administering a medication. Which entry is correct? a. “Client was fine.” b. “Administered 5 mg of morphine sulfate IV at 1000 for pain rated 8/10.” c. “Client given pain meds.” d. “Patient okay after med.” Clear, concise, and objective documentation is essential for legal and clinical accuracy. 15.A client asks for water but is NPO for surgery. What is the best response? a. “It won’t hurt to take a sip.” b. “You can have ice chips.” c. “You can’t have anything by mouth, but I’ll keep your lips moist.” d. “Let me ask your family.” Maintaining NPO status prevents aspiration; comfort can be offered through mouth care.
c. Evaluate and interpret the UAP’s findings d. Ignore minor changes The RN is responsible for evaluating data, even when tasks are delegated. 20.A nurse evaluates the effectiveness of pain medication. This reflects which nursing process step? a. Planning b. Assessment c. Evaluation d. Implementation Evaluation determines if interventions meet client outcomes. 21.A client reports dizziness upon standing. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Notify the healthcare provider b. Encourage more fluid intake c. Assist the client back to a sitting position d. Document the incident Sudden dizziness may indicate orthostatic hypotension. Ensuring client safety by sitting them down is the priority. 22.What is the primary purpose of using a nursing care plan? a. To ensure physician orders are followed b. To guide individualized, goal-directed client care c. To track nursing errors d. To standardize care for all patients
A care plan ensures personalized care based on assessment and nursing goals. 23.A client with a wound asks why the nurse is wearing gloves. What is the best response? a. “So I don’t touch anything gross.” b. “To prevent infection for both of us.” c. “Because it’s required.” d. “So your insurance is billed correctly.” Wearing gloves reduces risk of contamination and infection transmission. 24.Which finding indicates a potential complication of immobility? a. Redness over bony prominences b. Strong peripheral pulses c. Normal lung sounds d. Brisk capillary refill Redness over pressure points may indicate early pressure ulcer development. 25.When providing oral care to an unconscious client, the nurse should: a. Place client in supine position b. Use an electric toothbrush c. Position the client on their side with suction available d. Insert a bite block before brushing Side-lying position with suction reduces risk of aspiration during oral care.
b. Assess the client for injuries c. Call the provider d. Call for the nursing supervisor Assessing the client for injury takes priority after a fall. 30.A client has a urinary catheter. Which nursing intervention prevents infection? a. Elevate the drainage bag b. Keep the drainage bag below bladder level c. Irrigate catheter daily d. Disconnect tubing during transport Gravity drainage prevents backflow and reduces infection risk. 31.Which technique is used for proper body mechanics when lifting a patient? a. Bend at the waist b. Keep back straight and bend at the knees c. Twist the torso while lifting d. Lift using only back muscles Bending at the knees and keeping the back straight reduces strain and injury risk. 32.A nurse notes that a client is nonverbal and confused. What is the best strategy for communication? a. Speak loudly b. Use only written instructions c. Use gestures and simple instructions
d. Continue normal conversation Nonverbal clients benefit from gestures, visual cues, and simplified communication. 33.A nurse enters a client’s room and finds fire in the trash can. What is the priority action? a. Call the fire department b. Turn off oxygen c. Remove the client from the area d. Use a fire extinguisher Following the RACE protocol, the first step is to remove clients from danger. 34.Which finding in a postoperative patient should be reported immediately? a. Respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min b. Temperature of 99.2°F c. Mild incisional pain d. Pink drainage on the dressing A low respiratory rate may indicate respiratory depression from anesthesia or opioids. 35.Which action reflects correct sterile technique? a. Holding sterile objects above waist level b. Touching sterile objects with clean gloves c. Reaching over the sterile field d. Placing supplies directly on the patient’s gown Maintaining sterility above the waist prevents contamination.
d. Use room number Using two identifiers ensures safe medication administration. 40.When donning PPE for droplet precautions, what is worn? a. Mask, gown, gloves, and eye protection b. N95 mask and gloves only c. Gown and shoe covers d. Cap and surgical mask only Droplet precautions require surgical mask, gown, gloves, and sometimes eye protection. 41.A nurse uses the acronym "PASS" during fire extinguisher use. What does "A" stand for? a. Aim at the base of the fire b. Alert the supervisor c. Ask for backup d. Avoid smoke PASS = Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. 42.Which is an example of a subjective finding? a. BP 110/70 mmHg b. “I feel nauseated.” c. Heart rate 84 bpm d. Temperature 98.9°F Subjective data is reported by the patient, such as feelings or symptoms.
43.A nurse floats to a unit and is unfamiliar with a piece of equipment. What is the best action? a. Ask for training before using the equipment b. Use trial and error c. Use it and hope for the best d. Refuse all assignments Nurses must seek guidance when unfamiliar with equipment to ensure patient safety. 44.A client expresses concern about a new diagnosis. What is the best nursing response? a. “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.” b. “Tell me more about your concerns.” c. “You should talk to the doctor.” d. “That happens to a lot of people.” Therapeutic communication involves active listening and empathy. 45.A nurse is preparing to administer a medication but finds the label is unreadable. What is the appropriate action? a. Give the medication anyway b. Return the medication and get a new one c. Ask another nurse if it’s okay d. Estimate the dose Unclear labels pose a safety risk; the med should not be used.
Sharing personal health information with unauthorized individuals violates HIPAA. 50.A nurse is reviewing medication administration rights. What is included? a. Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation b. Right ward and diagnosis c. Right provider and nurse d. Right diagnosis and discharge time The “6 Rights” help prevent medication errors. 51.A client is experiencing shortness of breath. What is the priority nursing action? a. Take the client’s temperature b. Raise the head of the bed c. Offer oral fluids d. Apply warm blankets Raising the head of the bed promotes lung expansion and eases breathing. 52.Which statement by the nurse indicates understanding of standard precautions? a. “I will wash my hands before and after every client contact.” b. “I’ll only wear gloves if the client has an infection.” c. “Standard precautions are used only in isolation rooms.” d. “Masks are always required with every patient.” Hand hygiene is the foundation of standard precautions.
53.The nurse notes a client with left-sided weakness. When assisting with ambulation, where should the nurse stand? a. In front of the client b. On the client’s right side c. On the client’s left side d. Behind the client Standing on the weaker side provides stability and prevents falls. 54.What action is most appropriate when preparing to suction a client’s airway? a. Use clean gloves b. Pre-oxygenate the client c. Keep the client flat d. Limit suctioning to 30 seconds Pre-oxygenation prevents hypoxia during suctioning. 55.Which statement reflects proper documentation? a. “Client seems fine.” b. “Client ambulated 20 feet with steady gait and no complaints.” c. “Client was happy today.” d. “Nothing unusual happened.” Objective, specific documentation improves communication and care continuity. 56.What is the correct order for donning personal protective equipment (PPE)?
d. Partial bath Complete bed baths are used when the client cannot assist or get out of bed. 60.A nursing student touches a sterile field with a bare hand. What is the correct response? a. Ignore the contact b. Continue with the procedure c. Discard the contaminated field and start over d. Clean the area with alcohol Once contaminated, the sterile field must be replaced to maintain sterility. 61.Which term best describes a nurse listening attentively to a client's concerns? a. Reassurance b. Confrontation c. Active listening d. Advising Active listening promotes trust and therapeutic communication. 62.A client with dysphagia is eating. What action by the nurse is safest? a. Offer thin liquids b. Place food on the stronger side of the mouth c. Allow self-feeding only d. Use a straw Placing food on the stronger side aids chewing and swallowing.
63.A nurse finds a medication error after administration. What is the priority action? a. Assess the client for adverse effects b. Call the pharmacy c. Ignore the error if the client is stable d. Document the error only Patient safety requires immediate assessment following a medication error. 64.A newly admitted client has poor hygiene. What is the most therapeutic approach? a. Offer assistance with hygiene and explain its importance b. Ignore the issue c. Criticize the client’s habits d. Immediately ask the family to intervene Offering assistance shows respect and promotes dignity. 65.Which client is at highest risk for falls? a. Young adult with a sore throat b. Older adult with a history of dizziness and weak legs c. Teenager recovering from appendectomy d. Adult with a fractured wrist Older adults with mobility or balance issues are at greatest fall risk. 66.What position promotes maximum chest expansion? a. Supine b. Fowler’s (45–60 degrees)
