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NSG 1550 – Fundamentals of Nursing Lab
Validation Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Q&A |
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basic nursing skills, clinical judgment, safety, infection control, and technical performance required for lab validation check-offs.
- What is the first action a nurse should take before performing any procedure? a. Gather all necessary equipment b. Verify the patient’s identity using two identifiers c. Explain the procedure to the patient d. Perform hand hygiene Verifying identity ensures that the correct patient receives the correct intervention, following safety protocols.
- Which of the following hand hygiene methods is most appropriate when hands are visibly soiled? a. Use alcohol-based sanitizer b. Wash with soap and water c. Wipe hands with a towel d. Use hand lotion
Soap and water is the only method effective against visible soil and certain pathogens like C. difficile.
- The nurse dons sterile gloves. Which action breaks sterility? a. Keeping hands above waist b. Touching only the sterile field c. Touching a clean surface with a gloved hand d. Keeping gloved hands in view Touching a clean (non-sterile) surface contaminates the sterile gloves.
- Which pulse site is best used to assess circulation in the lower leg? a. Radial b. Posterior tibial c. Apical d. Brachial The posterior tibial pulse is located near the ankle and reflects lower limb perfusion.
- Which statement about bed baths is correct? a. The nurse should start with the feet b. Perineal care is completed first c. The eyes are washed with water only, no soap d. Soiled linens are placed on the floor
Locking brakes prevents wheelchair movement and ensures patient safety during transfer.
- Which is the best method to prevent aspiration during oral feeding? a. Tilt the head back b. Sit the patient upright at 90° c. Feed while lying down d. Feed quickly Upright positioning helps prevent food or liquid from entering the airway.
- When inserting a Foley catheter into a female patient, the nurse should: a. Insert the catheter 1 inch b. Advance the catheter until urine flows, then another 1-2 inches c. Inflate the balloon before urine return d. Lubricate the balloon Advancing further after urine return ensures correct placement before balloon inflation.
- When performing a sterile dressing change, which step should the nurse take first? a. Apply clean gloves b. Remove the old dressing c. Open the sterile package d. Don sterile gloves
The old dressing must be removed before starting the sterile field setup.
- What is the most important step when donning PPE for contact precautions? a. Putting on the mask first b. Donning gloves last c. Putting on gown before hand hygiene d. Wearing shoe covers Gloves are always donned last so they cover the wrist of the gown, ensuring full protection.
- A nursing student is about to administer oral medication. What is the safest action before giving the drug? a. Check expiration date b. Document administration c. Verify the 6 rights of medication administration d. Ask the instructor Verifying all rights prevents medication errors and ensures patient safety.
- A patient's oxygen saturation drops to 85%. What should the nurse do first? a. Notify the provider b. Administer a bronchodilator
The apex of the heart is located at the 5th ICS, MCL.
- Which action is correct when making an unoccupied bed? a. Raise side rails b. Keep bed at lowest level c. Use standard body mechanics d. Leave dirty linens on the floor Proper body mechanics prevent nurse injury and promote safety.
- Which step is essential in preventing falls for hospitalized patients? a. Leave lights off for rest b. Encourage bed rest c. Ensure call light is within reach d. Remove nonskid footwear Easy access to a call light helps patients request assistance instead of attempting movement alone.
- A patient is on aspiration precautions. What item should not be used? a. Thickened liquids b. Pureed foods c. Straw d. Spoon
Straws increase the risk of aspiration by directing fluid quickly into the back of the throat.
- What is the most appropriate needle size for a subcutaneous injection? a. 18-gauge, 1.5 inch b. 25-gauge, ⅝ inch c. 20-gauge, 1 inch d. 22-gauge, 2 inch Subcutaneous injections require a small gauge and short needle.
- The nurse notes a reddened area on the sacrum. The skin is intact. What should the nurse do? a. Apply a heat pad b. Reposition the patient frequently c. Massage the area d. Ignore unless broken Frequent repositioning prevents pressure progression to ulcers.
- Which step should be performed before applying a pulse oximeter? a. Warm the site b. Remove nail polish c. Raise the arm d. Apply lotion
- A nurse accidentally sticks herself with a used needle. What is the first action? a. Finish the procedure b. Wash the area with soap and water c. Call the supervisor d. Document the incident Immediate washing reduces infection risk and is the priority.
- What is the purpose of incentive spirometry? a. Reduce anxiety b. Promote lung expansion c. Aid digestion d. Lower heart rate Incentive spirometers prevent atelectasis by encouraging deep breathing.
- Which site is most commonly used for blood glucose testing? a. Toe b. Lateral side of fingertip c. Thumb d. Inner arm The side of the fingertip has fewer nerve endings, causing less pain.
- Which practice promotes safe use of restraints?
a. Apply tightly to prevent escape b. Check circulation every 15 minutes c. Tie to bed rails d. Skip documentation Frequent assessment prevents complications like skin breakdown and impaired circulation.
- What is the primary purpose of standard precautions? a. Prevent allergic reactions b. Prevent the spread of infection c. Protect the patient from falls d. Prevent medication errors Standard precautions assume all blood and body fluids are potentially infectious.
- What is the minimum time to wash hands with soap and water? a. 10 seconds b. 20 seconds c. 1 minute d. 5 seconds 20 seconds is the CDC-recommended handwashing time.
- The most accurate method for measuring liquid medications is:
a. Cheeks b. Arms c. Mucous membranes d. Abdomen Lips, tongue, and mucous membranes show color changes more accurately in dark skin.
- What’s the main reason for using gait belts? a. To lift patients b. To assist with safe ambulation c. To keep patients upright d. To reduce fall risk by strapping them in Gait belts support mobility without risking nurse or patient injury.
- The best way to maintain sterility of an opened sterile package is to: a. Keep it on the floor b. Keep hands above waist and in view c. Touch the inside d. Use it after 30 minutes Keeping hands above waist avoids contamination of sterile areas.
- When is the best time to take vital signs? a. After a meal b. At rest and before procedures
c. After exercise d. During ambulation Baseline vitals are best taken at rest for accuracy.
- A patient begins to fall during ambulation. What is the safest nurse action? a. Hold them tightly b. Ease them to the floor, protecting the head c. Call for help loudly d. Pull them back up Guiding to the floor with control prevents injury.
- The nurse prepares to remove soiled gloves. Which part is touched first? a. Wrist b. Palm c. Outside of the glove near the wrist d. Inside of the glove Touching only the outside prevents contamination of hands.
- A patient is unresponsive. What pulse site is most reliable? a. Radial b. Carotid c. Pedal d. Brachial
Cold packs should be applied for 20 minutes to reduce inflammation safely.
- What’s the correct order for doffing PPE? a. Gloves, goggles, mask, gown b. Mask, gloves, gown, goggles c. Gloves, goggles, gown, mask d. Gown, gloves, mask, goggles Removing gloves first reduces contamination risk, ending with the mask.
- What is the first nursing action when a patient refuses a bath? a. Insist on the bath b. Ask the reason and respect preference c. Call the provider d. Document refusal and move on Understanding reasons can improve cooperation and preserve dignity.
- Which practice reduces the risk of a catheter-associated UTI? a. Daily irrigation b. Maintaining a closed drainage system c. Hanging bag on bed rail d. Frequent removal and reinsertion A closed system prevents pathogen entry and is critical to infection control.
- The best time to perform oral care on an unconscious patient is: a. After meals b. Every 2 hours c. Once daily d. Only when mouth is dry Unconscious patients need frequent oral care to prevent aspiration and infection.
- When should the nurse change gloves during a procedure? a. Every 30 minutes b. Between medication administration c. When moving from a contaminated to a clean site d. After removing PPE Changing gloves prevents cross-contamination between sites.
- What is the best way to prevent back injury when lifting a patient? a. Twist at the waist while lifting b. Bend at the knees and keep the back straight c. Keep legs straight and bend from the waist d. Hold the object away from the body Bending at the knees and keeping the back straight maintains proper body mechanics and reduces back strain.
- When should the nurse assess a patient’s pain?
a. Over bare skin b. Over clothing at the waist level c. Under the arms d. Around the hips Placing the gait belt over clothing prevents skin irritation and provides secure support at the waist.
- What is the primary risk associated with immobility? a. Nausea b. Emotional distress c. Pressure ulcers d. Dehydration Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure, especially over bony prominences, due to immobility.
- Before administering medications via a nasogastric tube, the nurse should: a. Have the patient lie flat b. Check blood pressure c. Verify tube placement d. Ask the patient to cough Placement must be verified to ensure medication enters the stomach, not the lungs.
- When applying a condom catheter, which step is essential?
a. Shave the area b. Leave 1–2 inches of space at the tip c. Tape it tightly d. Use an antiseptic spray Leaving space prevents pressure on the urethral opening and reduces injury risk.
- What is the purpose of log rolling a patient? a. To exercise the spine b. To promote shoulder mobility c. To maintain spinal alignment d. To reduce infection Log rolling is used especially for patients with spinal precautions to prevent twisting of the spine.
- The nurse notices the IV flow rate is too slow. What should the nurse do first? a. Remove the IV b. Reposition the patient’s leg c. Check for kinks or obstructions in the tubing d. Increase the flow rate Mechanical issues such as tubing kinks are a common cause of slow IV flow.
- What is the priority assessment when a patient reports chest pain?
