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A series of test questions and answers related to acute coronary syndrome (acs), covering topics such as angina, virchow's triad, pulmonary emboli, myocardial ischemia and infarction, risk factors for acs, types of angina, collateral circulation, diagnostic tests for myocardial infarction, ecg interpretation, cardiac markers, pci procedures, and thrombolytics. It is designed to help students in nrsg 327 week 3 prepare for their exams.
Typology: Exams
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What sensation of angina is indicative of a abdominal or pulmonary problem? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. A sharp sensation
What are the medications given for a pulmonary emboli? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Anti- coagulants (***they do not break the clots down, rather, they prevent and delay the new formation of clots). 1a. Unfractioned heparin 1b. Fractioned heparin (LMWH): Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Nadroparin 1c. Warfarin 1d. FondaparinUX (EDIT: I previously listed Fondaparinux as a thrombolytic — it is in fact an anti- coagulant). Considering the physiology of myocardial ISCHEMIA and INFARCTION, what two factors (directly related to the myocardium) can exacerbate ischemia/ infarction? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Decreased myocardial O2 supply (d/t decreased respiratory function, causing hypoxia;) (d/t blood loss, causing hypotension and reflex vasospasm).
What can a Q wave diagnose? -- Answer ✔✔ Q wave depression is an indication for a previous or ongoing myocardial infarction. A more detailed diagnosis is done through the ST segment. What does the T wave represent? -- Answer ✔✔ The T wave complex represents the relaxation/ repolarization of the ventricles What does the ST segment represent? -- Answer ✔✔ The ST segment represents the time between the depolarization of the ventricles ("S"), and the repolarization of the ventricles ("T"). What can the ST segment diagnose? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. NSTEMI - Can present itself in two ways through the ST segment: 1.a. S wave depression 1.b. T wave inversion
tid-bit: (the absence or irregularity of the QRS complex for each P-wave can indicate differing severities of heart-block.)
i.e., a type-2 second degree heart block shown in image.
For thrombolytics, which directly destroy fibrin clots, there are relative and absolute contraindications.