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A detailed overview of shock, a life-threatening condition characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. It covers various aspects of shock, including its classifications, compensatory mechanisms, stages, and management strategies. The document also explores the impact of chronic diseases on shock and provides insights into the role of fluid resuscitation and other interventions. This resource is valuable for healthcare professionals and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of shock.
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Shock -- Answer ✔✔ syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism Results in an imbalance between supply and demand for oxygen and nutrients Classifications of shock -- Answer ✔✔ hypovolemic Cardiogenic Distributive (sepsis, anaphylaxis and neurogenic) Cardiac Output (CO) and calculation -- Answer ✔✔ Amount of blood pumped in 1 minute (~5 L) Stroke volume x heart rate Preload and what is it determined by? -- Answer ✔✔ the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole Determined by:
And circulatory failure due to massive vasodilation What are the life-threatening responses to anaphylaxis? -- Answer ✔✔ bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock -- Answer ✔✔ - Decreased BP
What is the preferred route and location of epinephrine -- Answer ✔✔ vastus lateralus IM because of increased rate and concentration. Higher and rapid maximum plasma concentrations compared with deltoid What are the second and third line drugs for anaphylaxis -- Answer ✔✔ Benadryl (diphenhydramine) Ranitidine (third line treatment) What is the difference in action between Benadryl and ranitidine? -- Answer ✔✔ Benadryl works on H1 receptors Ranitidine works on H2 receptors and helps prevent delayed or late phase rxns by blocking the h2 pathway What do H1 receptors do? -- Answer ✔✔ - bronchoconstriction/resp distress
How should you administer IV fluids in neurogenic shock -- Answer ✔✔ 30ml/h to maintain u/o and SBP > What is atherosclerosis? -- Answer ✔✔ abnormal accumulation of lipid substances and fibrous tissue lining arterial wall Describe the process of atherosclerosis -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Injury to vessel wall by risk factors
How can DM increase platelet aggregation -- Answer ✔✔ hyperglycemia can cause dyslipidemia What is released during times of intense stress -- Answer ✔✔ catecholamines, increasing risk for a cardiovascular event Max drinks for women and men -- Answer ✔✔ women: 2drinks/day, 10/week Men: 3drinks/day, 15/week How do drugs like cocaine increase risk of CV event -- Answer ✔✔ increase homocysteine (also released with breakdown of protein) This damages blood vessels, promotes plaque buildup, alter clotting mechanisms What is metabolic syndrome aka syndrome x? -- Answer ✔✔ - group of risk factors that increase risk for heart disease, stroke and diabetes