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EMT-B Training: Essential Terminology and Procedures, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive glossary of terms and procedures essential for emt-b training. it covers key concepts such as medical direction, patient assessment, emergency moves, anatomical planes, and respiratory physiology. The definitions are concise and easy to understand, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for emt certification exams. the document also includes information on various types of stretchers and their appropriate uses.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/25/2025

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NREMT Final Exam - Everything you need to
know
1. Medical Direction: Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the
Medical Director.
2. Protocols: lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in
different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system
3. Offline Direction: consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that
allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking
to the medical director or another physician.
4. Online Direction: consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an
EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone.
5. Standing Orders: A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that autho- rizes
EMT-Bs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.
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Download EMT-B Training: Essential Terminology and Procedures and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NREMT Final Exam - Everything you need to know

1. Medical Direction: Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the

Medical Director.

2. Protocols: lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in

different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system

3. Offline Direction: consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that

allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician.

4. Online Direction: consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an

EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone.

5. Standing Orders: A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that autho- rizes

EMT-Bs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.

6. HEPA Mask: High Efficiency Particulate Air respirator; used for patients with

suspected TB; worn by the EMT provider to prevent airborne transmission

7. Hepatitis B: infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus

(HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid

8. Hepatitis C: inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by

exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

9. Tuberculosis: Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium

tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflamma- tion and calcification of the system.

10. Acute Stress: short term ; fight or flight response ; effects disappear quickly after it is

over

11. Scope of Practice: What we are allowed to do or trained to do

12. Standard Care: the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person should

make decisions regarding his or her medical care; may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for health care

20. Polst: Physicians orders for life sustaining treatment. May include order for DO

NOT RESUSCITATE

21. PCR: Prehospital care report

22. Emergency Move: a move made when there is an immediate danger to the

patient.

23. Urgent Move: Move used if a scne factor causes a decline in patient's condition, or if

the treatment of a patient requires a move.

24. Non urgent move: No immediate threat to life, are carried out in such a way as to

prevent injury and to avoid discomfort and pain.

25. bariatric stretcher: Stretcher for obese patients

26. scoop stretcher: this cot splits in tow or four sections, so it can be used where larger

stretchers cannot fit.

27. basket stretcher: designed to surround and protect the patient, this stretcher is used

to move a patient from one level to another to over rough terrain.

28. flexible stretcher: made of canvas or rubberized or other flexible material, often with

wooden slats sewn into pockets and three carrying handles on each side. can be useful in restricted areas or narrow hallways

29. anatomical planes: 1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. trans- verse

(horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into left and right halves)

30. fowler position: a bed sitting position with the head of the bed raised to 45

degrees

31. semi fowler position: the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of

the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees

32. shock position: feet elevated 12 inches higher than head

33. anterior: Toward the Front

34. posterior: Toward the back

35. superior: toward the head or above point of reference

36. inferior: away from the head or below point of reference

37. dorsal: Toward the back/spine

38. ventral: Toward the front/ belly

39. medial: Toward center of body

40. lateral: Away from center of body

41. bilateral: Both sides

42. unilateral: One side

43. ipsilateral: Same side

44. contralateral: opposite side

dominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

58. phrenic nerve: stimulates the diaphragm

59. edema: swelling

60. perfusion: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues

of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

61. hypo perfusion: Also known as shock (decreased blood flow through an organ, as in

hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular dysfunction and death.)

62. cerebrum: large part of the brain that controls the senses and thinking

63. cerebellum: the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions

include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

64. brain stem: the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the

medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus

65. epinephrine: adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the

heart beat faster, stopping digestion, enlarging pupils, sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster

66. noepinephrine: A neurotransmitter from nerve endings and a hormone from the

adrenal gland. It is release in times of stress and is involved in hunger regulation, blood glucose regulation and other body processes.

67. alpha1 and Alpha2: Alpha1 vessels constrict and release sweat

Alpha2 try's to regulate alpha

68. beta 1: increases HR, inotrophy (forced contraction of heart) increases electrical

impulse in heart

69. beta 2: relaxes smooth muscle such as bronchioles and some vessels

70. pulse pressure: difference between systolic and diastolic pressure no more than

71. respiration: ..., the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation

72. pulmonary ventilation: ..., Movement of air into and out of the lungs

73. internal respiration: ..., exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the

body

74. external respiration: ..., exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

75. cellular respiration: ..., process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and

other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

76. carina: ..., the fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem

bronchi branch.

77. bronchioles: ..., smallest branches of the bronchi

78. pleura: ..., membrane surrounding the lungs

79. visceral pleura: ..., inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung

Cyanosis Tachycardia may lead to dysrhythmias and eventually bradycardia Confusion Loss of coordination sleepy appearance Head bobbing Slow reaction time Altered mental status

85. dyspnea: ..., difficult or labored respiration

86. cyanosis: ..., A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

87. patent airway: ..., An airway that is open and clear of obstructions.

88. snoring sounds: ..., airway blocked, open patients airway promt transport

89. crowing: ..., A breathing sound similarto the cawing of a crow; may indicate that

muscles around the larynx are in spasm.

90. gurgling: ..., indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning

91. stridor: ..., a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration)

upper airway

92. n-95: ..., Mask used for a patient with TB

93. tonsil tip: ... Rigid suction

94. french tip: ...Soft suction

95. oropharyngeal: ..., -curved plastic device used to establish an airway in a

patient by displacing the tongue from the posterior wall of the oropharynx -used in unconscious patients who do not have a gag reflex

96. nasopharyngeal: ..., flexible airway inserted through the patients nose

97. retractions: ..., Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during

inspiration.

98. respiratory failure: ..., a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes

dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

99. respiratory arrest: ..., When breathing completely stops.

100. agonal respiration: ..., Shallow, slow or infrequent breathing

101. tachypnea: ..., fast breathing, an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually

20 breaths per minute

102. bradypnea: ..., slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 respirations per minute

103. methods of artifical ventilation: ...Mouth to mask

Two person bag valve Fropvd One person bag valve

104. cricoid pressure: ..., Pressure on the trachea, prevents air from entering the

esophagus/stomach and vomiting

117. Hypoperfusion: inadequate perfusion also known as shock

118. Secondary assessment: after immediate life- or limb-threatening injuries/ill-

nesses have been identified, this more thorough evaluation is performed to identify more subtle, yet still important, injuries

119. Physical exam, Baseline vitals, History: Three major steps in secondary

assessments

120. Cerebrospinal fluid: clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain

121. Jugular vein distention: the visible bulging of the jugular vein when the Pt is in

semi-fowlers position or full fowlers position. this is indicative of inadaquate blood movement through the heart and/or lungs

122. Tension pneumothorax: a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the

pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels

123. Pericardial tamponade: filling of the pericardial sac with fluid, which in turn

limits the filling and function of the heart.

124. Sputum: material expelled from the lungs by coughing

125. What is PMS: Pulses

motor function Sensation

126. MOI falls: Adults 20 feet

children/infants more than 10 feet or 2or3 times their height

127. Glasgow coma scale: Used for head trauma- Score 3-15, based on Eye

opening, Verbal response and Motor response.

128. less than 13: Rapid transport (what's the number on the GCS)

129. Brain herniation: Increasing intracranial pressure related to the presence of lg

pocket of blood (hematoma)

130. Ruq: contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right

kidney, small intestines, and colon.

131. Luq: stomach

spleen left lobe of liver body of pancreas L kidney and

132. Llq: contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian

tube, left ureter

133. Rlq: contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian

tube, appendix, right ureter

134. Sublingual: beneath the tongue

infection where toxins in blood). cause: general anesthesia and spinal cord injuries and septic shock

143. Cardiogenic shock: shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping

action.

144. Obstructive shock: mechanical obstruction or compressing that prevents blood

from reaching the heart

145. Tension pneumonthorax: A type of pneumothorax in which air can enter the

pleural space but cannot escape via the route of entry. This leads to increased pressure in the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse. The increase in pressure also compresses the heart and vena cavae, which impairs circulation.

146. Stages of shock: 1. Compensatory Shock 2. Decompensatory Shock 3. Irre-

versible Stage

147. If patient been in cardiac arrest for more than 5 min and no CPR has been

done what do you do: Provide 2 min of CPR before ard

148. aed shock then pulse check?: No aed shock then 2min CPR then pulse check

149. V-fib: completely erratic rhythm with no identifiable waves; fatal

150. V-tach: Ventricular tachycardia (an increased ventricular heart rate).

151. Asystole: the absence of a heartbeat

152. Pea: pulseless electrical activity. Heart is doing something but not pumping

153. Stop ambulance when using aed: True and shut off engine

154. Can I aed on 1-8 year olds: Yes but prefer to use less electrical dose If u

can't it is ok

155. How many shocks can I give: 2-3 with CPR in-between

156. Common diseases from wheezing: Asthma

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

157. Common diseases from rhonchi: Aspiration

Pneumonia Emphysema Chronic bronchitis

158. Common diseases from crackles: Pneumonia

Pulmonary edema

159. Apnea: absence of breathing

160. Hypoxia: deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

161. Respiratory Distress: Indicates that a patient is breathing but is having trouble

doing so. May lead to respiratory arrest.

162. Respiratory Failure: The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen

intake is not sufficient to support life

163. Respiratory arrest: When breathing completely stops.

174. Pulmonary veins: deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

175. Coronary arteries: the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle

176. Thrombus: a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its

place of origin

177. Atherosclerosis: the most common form of CVD; a disease characterized by

plaques along the inner walls of the arteries.

178. Acute coronary syndrome: sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the

heart, sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction

179. Angina pectoris: chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to

heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries

180. How long does angina pain last: 2-15 min

181. AMI: acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)

182. Aortic aneurysm: congenital or developed weakness in wall of lower lumbar region

(aorta), balloons out, anterior abdominal wall pulses, untreatable if ruptures

183. Aortic Dissection: damage may result in fatal bleeding, dissection is a condi- tion

where the inner layer of the wall of the aorta begins to tear; patient may complain of pain in the chest, abdomen or back will exhibit signs of shock

184. CHF: Congestive Heart Failure failure of the heart to pump blood away from the heart

causing accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs

185. Cardiac arrest: The heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning

186. Neurological deficit: any deficiency in the nervous system's functioning, typ- ically

exhibited as a motor, sensory, or cognitive deficit

187. Stroke: A medical injury to brain that is not related to truma

188. Ischemic stroke: the most common kind of stroke

189. Hemorrhagic stroke: stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the

brain

190. Thrombotic stroke: type of stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in

the brain

191. Embolic stroke: a type of ischemic stroke that causes a clot to travel to the

brain, mostly from the left side of the heart

192. TIA: transient ischemic attack; temporary interference with the blood supply to the

brain

193. Seizure: sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnor-

mal firing of nerve impulses (may or may not be associated with convulsion)

194. Epilepsy: chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

195. Status epilepticus: a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilep- sy

without intervals of consciousness