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NR546 PSYCHOPHARM FINAL EXAM WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
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comprehension
When prescribing psychotropic medications, the PMHNP knows that these medications work
Which of the following are involved in regulating neurotransmission via excitation-secretion
calcium channels
One of the signal transduction cascades, pass the message from a first receptor to a second
A major current hypothesis for the cause of schizophrenia proposes that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors may be which of the following?
mesocortical pathway
disorder brief psychotic disorder psychotic disorder due to a medical condition What diagnosis has a diagnosis of psychosis as a
depression cognitive disorders dementia
Delusions Thought disorder Hostility Excitability
Alogia Anhedonia Amotivation Asociality
Non-selectively blocks dopamine D2 receptors, specifically in mesolimbic pathway. Improves Positive Symptoms
antipsychotics are associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking, the ability to organize, personality, behavior, and emotional control. Traumatic brain injuries can result in personality
responsible for proprioception, is the home of the somatic senses. This part of the brain helps a person to identify spatial relationships, interpret pain and touch in the body, and identify and
Damage to the anterior portion may cause asterogenesis, the loss of ability to recognize objects via the sense of touch. This may be experienced by patients with post cerebral vascular
and involved in short-term memory, speech, auditory signals, and smell recognition. It identifies "what" things are - object identification. It contains the limbic system, amygdala, and
Disorders from this lobe include dementia, affective disorders, and attention deficit
This is involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition to motor actions. It is the main input area for the basal ganglia and is activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Dorsal striatum
This is associated with pleasure, reward, and reinforcing behavior. Drug abuse affects the limbic
ganglia
If the functioning of this pathway is disrupted by lesions or drugs, prolactin levels can also rise. Elevated prolactin levels are associated with galactorrhea (breast secretions), gynecomastia (enlarged breasts especially in men), amenorrhea (loss of ovulation and menstrual periods), and
Projects from the midbrain VTA but sends its axons to areas of the prefrontal cortex, where they may have a role in mediating cognitive symptoms (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or DLPFC) and
which projects from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia or striatum, is part of the
projects from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens, a part of the limbic system of the brain thought to be involved in many behaviors such as pleasurable sensations,the powerful euphoria of drugs of abuse, and delusions and hallucinations of
theory, the Glutamate theory, and the serotonin theory. Treat both positive and negative signs of psychosis. They are considered serotonin-dopamine antagonists, as they maintain D2 antagonism but also have simultaneous serotonin 5HT2A antagonism. Serotonin (5HT) can regulate DA release directly or indirectly, producing various effects on dopamine (DA) neurons. 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors have opposite actions on dopamine release. Stimulation of 5HT1A receptors increases dopamine release (a DA accelerator). Once bound to 5HT1A receptors, 5HT causes inhibition of its release, which results in increased dopamine
Drugs citalopram (Celexa) escitalopram (Lexapro) fluoxetine (Prozac)
When people dont have enough of this neurotransmitter, they may experience anxiety or even schizophrenia. Some meds use this neurotransmitters benefits to help people sleep for medical
am also a monoamine neurotransmitter and I serve many functions in the human body. Do you remember learning about flight, fight, or fright? That's me, in excess. A little of me can get you up off the couch and have you alert, oriented, and ready to take on life's challenges. I can really
one of the key neurotransmitters that psychotropic drugs target. Within the central nervous system, I affect arousal, motivation, attention, learning, and REM sleep. I work within the
Substances that block me can paralyze you because I am the link between the brain and muscles. When there's not enough of me, I can be involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Increase me, and I can help with symptoms, but be cautious, because I also have a role in addiction. Dr. Stahl refers to me as "the brain's own nicotine" when he talks about my role in
I help to regulate mood. I've been called the "happy hormone," but actually I am not a hormone at all; I am a monoamine neurotransmitter. Your body synthesizes me naturally from
I am one of the key monamine neurotransmitters that regulate mood. I am associated with executive function, your ability to perform well, be organized, and all those good things including emotional intelligence. That's when I'm working hard in the prefrontal cortex. I'm also essential to your movement and coordination. Being balanced is very important to me; too
When my levels are low you'll lose pleasure, interest, alertness, and even self-confidence. Low
Too much of me is not always a good thing. I can lead to the hallucinations you see in schizophrenia and psychosis. Another thing, do you know that great feeling you get when you
Some people have trouble with me because my reward properties can lead to all types of
amino acid and THE excitatory neurotransmitter. I've been referred to as the workhorse of the brain because I can affect almost every neuron in the brain. I'm quite the firecracker. You'll find me working hard all over the brain affecting energy, memory, learning, and neural plasticity. I
A group of structures involved in voluntary motor movements, cognition, and emotion. movement disorders include Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette syndrome. The striatum is a group of structures that includes the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens. The dorsal striatum contains the caudate nucleus and the putamen. The ventral striatum contains the nucleus accumbens. Both are involved in facilitating voluntary
This is an egg-shaped structure involved in sensory organ and motor command processing. All sensory systems except for the olfaction process through this, which is responsible for processing all external information. Has been associated with symptoms related to
This is involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition to motor actions. It is the main input area for the basal ganglia and is activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure.
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Dorsal Striatum This controls the communication between the two brain hemispheres. Is involved in attention, impulse control, and emotion regulation. It integrates impulses from both sides of the brain.
Is located on the sides of the brain and involved in short-term memory, speech, auditory signals, and smell recognition. It identifies "what" things are - object identification. It contains the limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus. There are multiple pathways within this which affect object identification and language comprehension, including the ability to understand semantics. A dominant __________ lesion can present as Wernicke's aphasia. Disorders of this structure include dementia, affective disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
This is the back part of the brain and controls visual processing. Damage to this lobe results in the inability to form visual memories. Bilateral lobe damage results in the inability to recognize items by sight even though vision is normal. seizures of this lobe can cause hallucinations, such
Are associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking. the ability to organize, personality, behavior, and emotional control. Traumatic brain injuries can result in personality
The middle part of the brain, responsible for proprioception, is the home of the somatic senses. This part of the brain helps a person to identify spatial relationships, interpret pain and touch in the body, and identify and give meaning to objects. Damage to the anterior portion of this lobe may cause asterogenesis, the loss of ability to recognize objects via the sense of touch. This may
Sulcus It is the working area of the brain and the focus of psychiatry and neurology. Is associated with learning. Changes in this matter are linked to psychiatric diagnoses including Alzheimer's
are chemicals released by neurons to send communication across synaptic clefts to other neurons. Many psychiatric disorders and client symptoms occur from an excess, deficiency, or
alertness, and even self-confidence. Low levels are also found in clients who have Parkinson's disease. Too much of me is not always a good thing. I can lead to the hallucinations you see in
I've been referred to as the workhorse of the brain because I can affect almost every neuron in the brain. I'm quite the firecracker. You'll find me working hard all over the brain affecting energy, memory, learning, and neural plasticity. I also work to relay sensory information and regulate spinal and motor reflexes. When my levels are too high, I've been associated with schizophrenia, epilepsy, and mania. My receptors, NMDA and AMPA, work with me across many