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A concise overview of various gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders, including their pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment options. It covers conditions such as acute and chronic gastritis, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcers, gallbladder dysfunction, appendicitis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and addison's disease. The document also includes key diagnostic markers for thyroid disorders, making it a valuable resource for students studying these topics.
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Acute Gastritis Patho - -inflammation of the stomach; may be caused by use of NSAIDs, excessive etoh, or ingestion of spicy foods. Acute Gastritis Symptoms - -Anorexia N/V mild cases can be vague more serious cases can cause ulcers and bleeding Acute Gastritis Treatment - -Supportive Treatment Chronic Gastritis Patho - -Atrophy of the mucosa of the stomach; commonly associated with chronic peptic ulcers, etoh abuse, and the older adult population Chronic Gastritis Symptoms - -Mild epigastric discomfort Anorexia intolerance for spicy or fatty foods Chronic Gastritis Treatment - -proton pump inhibitors and abx as needed. Gastroenteritis Patho - -inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by infection but may be caused by reactions to food or drugs Gastroenteritis Symptoms - -N/V/D Abd Cramps Gastroenteritis Treatment - -Suportive Care Peptic Ulcers Patho - -Penetration of the submucosa that can continue to erode causing a perforation; ulcers are fond in the duodenum, stomach, or lower esophagus; can be caused by H.Pylori, excessive etoh or caffeine intake or NSAIDs. Peptic Ulcer Symptoms - -Epigastric burning or aching pain after eating and at night heartburn N/V Weight Loss Peptic Ulcer Treatment - -Medication to reduce acid secretion and antimicrobials as needed.
Ulcer that occurs on the inside of the upper portion of the small intestine (duodenum) - -Duodenal Ulcers Ulcer that occurs on the inside of the stomach - -Gastic Ulcers Gallbladder Dysfunction Patho - -Gallstone formation caused inflammation and potential obstruction. Gallbladder dysfunction symptoms - -sudden severe pain in the upper right quadrant of the abd. may radiate to the back or right shoulder; may cause N/V Gallbladder Dysfunction Treatment - -Laparoscopic Surgery or Lithotripsy Appendicitis Patho - -Inflammation and infection in the appendix Appendicitis Symptoms - -Initally causes periumbilical pain, then N/V, and finally severe and localized pain to the lower right quadrant. McBurney's point - -with the client in supine position, slowly apply pressure over the mcbureny's point and quickly release; if there is severe pain when the pressure is released, it may indicate appendicitis. Appendicitis Treatment - -Surigcal removal of the appendix and abx treatment Melena - -black tarry stool. Comes from bleeding in upper GI. Sign of older blood in your stool. Suspicion for a slow GI bleed. Hypothyroidism Patho - -Low levels of thyroid hormones; common causes include Hashimoto's disease, thyroiditis, congenital hypothyroidism, surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid. Hypothyroidism Symptoms - -Fatigue weight gain cold intolerance joint and muscle pain dy skin dry thinning hair decreased HR Depression More common in women than men Hypothyroidism Treatment - -Hormone replacement with levothyroxine Hyperthyroidism Patho - -Overproduction of thyroid hormones Common Causes include Grave's Disease, overactive thyroid nodules, and thyroiditis