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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease? a. An inherited disorder b. A combination of specific etiological factors c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness. b. signs and symptoms of a disease. c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness. d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode. b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness. c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease. d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness
Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
a. Swelling of the knee b. Fever c. Pain in the neck d. Red rash on the face Etiology is defined as the study of the:
a. causes of a disease. b. course of a disease. c. expected complications of a disease. d. manifestations of a disease.
A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as: a. hypertrophy. b. metaplasia. c. anaplasia. d. atrophy. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called: a. metaplasia. b. atrophy. c. dysplasia.
The term cancer refers to:
a. dysplasia. b. hyperplasia. c. metaplasia. d. malignant neoplasm. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
a. Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells b. Ischemic damage to cells c. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves. c. All types of cells die at the same rate. d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death.
Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:
a. cell proteins have been denatured. b. cell are liquefied by enzymes. c. dead cells form a thick cheesy substance. d. bacterial invasion has occurred. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:
a. an iatrogenic cause of cancer. b. a preventive measure. c. a precipitating factor. d. a predisposing condition.
A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:
a. latent stage. b. predisposing factor. c. incidence. d. precipitating factor.
Pathophysiology involves the study of:
a. the structure of the human body. b. the functions of various organs in the body. c. functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes. d. various cell structures and related functions.
Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?
a. The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases b. The relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease c. Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms
d. The global search for emerging diseases
Which of the following can cause cell injury or death? Hypoxia Exposure to excessive cold Excessive pressure on a tissue Chemical toxins
a. 1, 2 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ or system, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition is referred to as a (an):
a. acute disease. b. multiorgan disorder. c. syndrome. d. manifestation.
All of the following statements are correct about cell damage EXCEPT:
a. The initial stage of cell damage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions.
b. If the factor causing the damage is removed quickly, the cell may be able to recover and return to its normal state. c. If the noxious factor remains for an extended period of time, the damage becomes irreversible and the cell dies. d. Initially, cell damage does not change cell metabolism, structure, or function.
Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?
a. Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving the experimental therapy. b. Both groups of research subjects and the person administering the treatment know who is receiving the experimental therapy. c. The research subjects do not know, but the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving placebo or standard therapy. d. Only members of the control group know they are receiving standard therapy.
b. latent. c. chronic. d. manifestation.
The term prognosis refers to the:
a. period of recovery and return to a normal state. b. expected outcome of the disease. c. mortality and morbidity rates for a given population. d. typical collection of signs and symptoms.
When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:
a. atrophy. b. liquefactive necrosis. c. apoptosis. d. infarction.
During the evaluation process for a new therapy’s effectiveness and safety, a double blind study may be conducted during:
a. the first stage. b. the second stage. c. the third stage. d. any of these stages.
Which of the following is usually included in a medical history? Past illnesses or surgeries Current illnesses, acute and chronic Prescribed medication or other treatments Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies Current allergies
a. 1, 3 b. 2, 4, 5 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
A situation when there is a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given area is called a/an:
a. epidemic. b. exacerbation. c. morbidity. d. pandemic.
The term pathogenesis refers to:
a. the development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue changes involved in the disease process. b. the determination of the cause(s) involved in the development of a malignant neoplasm. c. the specific signs and symptoms involved in the change from an acute disease to a chronic disease.
Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male’s body:
a. 30% b. 20% c. 10% d. 4%
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
a. perspiration only.
b. feces only. c. perspiration and expiration. d. urine and feces.
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
a. blood into the cells. b. interstitial compartment into the cells. c. interstitial compartment into the blood. d. cells into the interstitial compartment.
