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A post-test for an introduction to philosophical inquiry course, assessing students' understanding of various philosophical concepts such as ethical relativism, epistemology, philosophy of religion, ethics, egoism, and verbal disputes. It includes multiple-choice questions, true or false statements, and open-ended questions.
Typology: Exams
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Directions omitted
A relativist believes moral standards of different societies cannot be meaningfully compared because there are no absolutes. Yet, surely the moral ideals of a peaceful society are better than those of a barbaric one bent on world terrorism. The fact that we can say the peaceful society is morally better than the barbaric one implies that we are judging according to a standard that terrorism is morally wrong.
The primary purpose of this passage is to ...
a. explain a point of view. b. direct or to command agreement with the author. c. attempt to prove or argue to a conclusion. d. rationalize something already believed. e. show that there are no objective standards.
∗On the Web at http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/posttest-02.pdf and http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/posttest/posttestt-02.html
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Figure 1: Post Test Question 1–Argument
a. Since societies differ, their moral rules differ. Hence, the passage is wrong. b. A comprehensive objective moral standard is not yet known because sometimes we do not know which society is better. c. In some cases, a morally good society is possible. d. It all depends on what you believe. One can’t generalize about the issue. e. Some societies are morally wrong according to one objective stan- dard and are considered morally right according to another objective standard.
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Figure 2: Post Test Question 2–Ethical Relativism
a. the authorities in our lives such as parents, teachers, and government officials. b. the religious authorities and the religious texts of our era. c. our study of the recent advances in science and mathematics. d. whether a belief is inconsistent with other things we know to be true. e. a systematically random point of view established by experience.
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Figure 5: Post Test Question 5–Philosophy of Religion
If a problem of moral concern is defined to be a problem having the potential to help or harm ourselves or others, then events as trivial as to whether you come to class on time is a problem of moral concern.
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Figure 6: Post Test Question 6–Ethics
a. How far is the earth from the sun? b. Is there an afterlife? c. What is truth, goodness, and beauty? d. What career should I pursue? e. How should we feel about contemporary moral behavior?
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Figure 7: Post Test Question 7–Subject of Philosophy
I can be self-interested without being selfish because it is in my self-interest to exercise but no one would consider it selfish of me to exercise.
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Figure 8: Post Test Question 8–Egoism
a. If the hunter is never actually behind the squirrel, then the hunter did not go around the squirrel. b. Since the hunter went around the tree and the squirrel was on the tree, the hunter must have gone around the squirrel. c. The phrase “go around” is ambiguous. “Go around” can mean “to be successively north of, west of, south of and east of” or can mean “to be at the front of, the right side of, the back side of, and the left side of.” d. Going around something is subjective because when we cannot always observe the event for ourselves. e. The question has no resolution.