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Sensory Processes and Perception: A Comprehensive Overview, Study notes of Psychology

St. Johns River Community CollegePsychology

An in-depth exploration of various sensory processes and perception, covering topics such as sensation thresholds, vision, hearing, smell and taste, skin senses, spatial orientation, and influences on perception. It delves into the anatomy and functions of sensory organs, the theories behind color vision and hearing, and the principles of perception. Students of psychology, neuroscience, or related fields will find this document useful for understanding the fundamental concepts of sensory processes and perception.

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/04/2010

cellison4
cellison4 🇺🇸

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Chapter Three
I. Process of Sensation
A. Absolute threshold
1. Minimum amount of sensory
stimulation detected 50% of the
time
B. Just noticeable difference
1. Difference threshold
2.Webber’s law- 2% change for
weights
C. Sensory receptors
1. Form unique
2. Transduction-turns sensory
stimulation into neural impulses
II. Vision
A. Visible spectrum-measured in
wavelengths
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Chapter Three I. Process of Sensation A. Absolute threshold

  1. Minimum amount of sensory stimulation detected 50% of the time B. Just noticeable difference
  2. Difference threshold 2.Webber’s law- 2% change for weights C. Sensory receptors
  3. Form unique
  4. Transduction-turns sensory stimulation into neural impulses II. Vision A. Visible spectrum-measured in wavelengths

B. Eye

  1. Anatomy a. Cornea-bends light rays inward b. Pupil –small dark opening c. Iris- colored part of the eye d. Retina- image is focused here e. Rods-back of retina f. Cones-enables us to see colors g. Fovea-small area at center of retina
  2. Adaption to Light a. Rhodopsin present in rods b. In bright light breakdown opsin and retinal c. Dark adaptation

B. Ear

  1. Pinna-visible part of outer ear
  2. Eardrum
  3. Middle Ear a. Ossicles-smallest bones in the body
  4. Hammer
  5. Anvil
  6. Stirrup
  7. Inner Ear a. Cochlea-fluid filled, snail shaped chamber b. As stirrup moves against oval window-sets vibrations in the fluid c. Hair cells-receptors C. Theories of Hearing
  8. Place theory-spot of hairs on the basilar membrane vibrates the most in response to a particular pitch
  9. Frequency theory-doesn’t account for frequencies above 1000 Hz

IV. Smell and Taste A. Smell

  1. Olfactory epithelium-two one square inch patches of tissue, one at the top of each nostril
  2. Humans able to detect 10,000 smells
  3. Olfactory neurons come into direct contact with sensory stimuli and reach directly into the brain B. Taste
  4. Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter
  5. 5 th Sensation-umami-triggered by glutamate V. Skin Senses A. Touch
  6. Skin-largest organ of the body
  7. Sensitive nerve endings send messages to spinal cord, which relays to the somatosensory cortex

VII. Influences on Perception A. Attention-requiring mental effort

  1. Inattentional blindness
  2. Cocktail party phenomenon B. Prior Knowledge
  3. Bottom up processing
  4. Top down processing
  5. Perceptual set-what we expect to perceive C. Cross-modal perception-from more than one sense

VIII. Principles of Perception A. Perceptual Organization and Constancy

  1. Gestalt p 91
  2. Size constancy
  3. Shape constancy
  4. Brightness constancy B. Depth Perception-see world in 3D
  5. Binocular depth cues a. Convergence b. Binocular disparity-difference between two retinal images
  6. Monocular depth cues p 93 C. Perception of Motion Always searching for something stable autokinetic illusion