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The northern baroque art movement during the 17th century, marked by the dutch golden age and new heights of realism. The protestant influence led to a lack of religious art, and artists employed loose brush strokes and lighting at the front of the picture plane. Key artists and works discussed include caravaggio's followers, merry company by gerrit van honthorst, the night watch by rembrandt, and bathsheba by rembrandt. Topics covered include daily life, body and psyche, transiential view of reality, and techniques such as tenebrism and the use of the camera obscura.
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Northern Baroque (17th^ century) *Dutch golden age (started with Carrivaggio’s followers) new heights of realism o *Protestants in NorthNo religious art o Loose brush strokes o Lighting at the front of the picture plane-3/4 view o Look @ Caravaggio fam-painting of Prodigal son story—sons and inheritance bible story LOOKED AT IN N. ART: Daily life Body/Psyche studied Tells story Transistantial view of reality Vocabulary Tenebrism: play on lights and darks Followers of Carrivaggio: began Baroque in N. by bringing his style from the South Repoussoir: figure at front—effect is backlighting Camera Obscura: an early form of camera—Used by Vermeer—creates photographic realism Merry Company Gerrit van Honthhorst (1620) Subject: prodigal son at height of fun point with money—focus on youth’s pitfalls Everything cut short at front of picture plane, effect we know where we sit and we do not participate in conversation ** you can still turn away from temptation Repoussoir: figure at front defines space/obscure light The Procuress Van Honthhorst (1625) Subject: a reduced, simplified version of Merry Company All 3 versions=secular adaptations Woman showing skin—servant will help her tempt boy **Begins Dutch golden ageloose brush strokes, creamy, painting with earthy palette The Night Watch Rembrandt (1639-42) o Portrait type : Civil guard—in 3 groups separated by rank o Militia=volunteers o Lines, not crisp + no single light source/tenebrism-painting comes to life o Subtle linear perspective with men coming towards viewer o LUDOVICO influence-diagonals move eyes around painting o Whimsical brush strokes-not blended or precise o New way to rep. images in canvas
o Uses glaze for 3-D look without precision Bathsheba Rembrandt (1654) Birth of modern painting Focus on minute moment from beginning of story of Bathsheba Contrapasto: play on tradition about lust—moralizing take based on bible story Takes away larger parts of the scene (i.e. David) _*Like Merry Company/Procuress_ Front of picture plane—uses Caravaggio’s tenebrism Subject: Bathsheba in center holding letter (Sends husband to his death/also symbol of lust adultery) REJECTS: o Idealism of high renaissance o Caravaggio’s crisp brush strokes o Anything that confines the story Loose strokes Undefined rational space Impasto: builds paint in thick layers—literal 3-D acknowledging medium/viewer unsure of what the picture is upclose In Luxury Beware Jan Steen (1663) o Genre Scene: shows daily life—helps moralizing biblical stories by putting them in contemporary settings o Subject: proverbs o Woman directly engages viewer—acknowledge lust o House in disarray, dog at table eating food o Pig running off with Keg tap—mean they’re drunk o Monkey playing with clock—folly of ignoring one’s duties o Quacking duck—mindless banter Genre Subject Vermeer **(late 1650’s-1660’s) *** 3 diff. paintings o Uses pure hues and loose brush strokes—paints domestic interiors
1. Interior scene—not contrived—girl is playing piano at back of room o *Degree of attachment, scientific approach of subjects as visual data o For the middle class o Artist is doing more than painting a story o Camera obscura: how he creates degree of attachment-early version of camera-hypothesize that he used this and dummies to stage the scene o Has photo-realism—painted “disks of confusion” o Used for precise perfection static, rigid painting o Rigorous use of perspective—draws eyes to back with the girl o Mirror used as device to reflect back