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North Seattle EMT Entrance Exam
Prep questions with answers
Sagittal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plane that separates the body into left & right portions (does not have to be equal halves) Midsagittal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plane that separates the body into equal left & right halves. This is one specific sagittal plane. Frontal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plane that separates the body into front & back portions Transverse - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plane that separates the body into top & bottom portions Superior - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the top Inferior - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the bottom Anterior - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Toward the front Posterior - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔toward the back
Cephalic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the head (towards the top on a human / towards the front on a quadruped) Caudal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the tail (towards the bottom on a human / towards the rearon a quadruped) Ventral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the stomach (towards the front on a human / towards the ground on a quadruped) Dorsal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔toward the back or spine (towards the back on a human / towards the top on a quadruped) Medial - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Towards the midline Lateral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Away from the midline Proximal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Closer to the point of origin or attachment Distal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Further away from the point of origin or attachment Contralateral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Opposite side of midline
muscular, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and urinary homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment; very sensitive to changes caused by illness or injury body cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a hollow space in the body that contains internal organs cranial cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔located in head, contains brain and is protected by skull spinal cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔extends from bottom of the skull to the lower back; contains the spinal cord and is protected by the vertebral (spinal) column central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔brain and spinal cord thoracic (chest) cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔located below neck and above diaphragm; protected by rib cage; contains heart, major blood vessels, and lungs pericardial cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔surrounds the heart pleural cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔surrounds the lungs
abdominal cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔located below diaphragm and above pelvis; contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen perotineal cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔space between two membranes that line abdominal cavity, separating abdominal organs from abdominal wall pelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔below the abdominal cavity; contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine, and reproductive organs abdominopelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔abdominal and pelvic cavities Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔liver, gallbladder, portions of stomach, major blood vessels, intestines Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔contains the stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔intestines, appendix; females = ovaries & fallopian tubes Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔intestines; females = ovaries & fallopian tubes
skull bones - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid Face bones - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔orbits (eye sockets), nasal bones, maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), zygomatic (cheekbones) spine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔32-33 vertebrae cervical spine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔7 vertebrae of the neck Spinal C1 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔atlas Spinal C2 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔axis thoracic spine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae. lumbar spine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The 5 vertebrae that form the lower part of the back, below the thoracic vertebrae; carry the bulk of body's weight = strong sacrum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔bone formed from 5 vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column below the lumbar spine
Coccyx - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3-4 fused vertebrae (tailbone) chest (thorax) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 ribs, and breastbone (or sternum) true ribs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum false ribs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum floating ribs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔last 2 pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum sternum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔manubrium, body, xiphoid process Upper Extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hand humerus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔upper arm bone radius - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔lateral (thumb side) bone of the forearm
knee - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔largest joint in the body patella - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔kneecap tibia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔shinbone fibula - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg tarsal bones - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔back part of foot and heel Metatarsals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔foot bones phalanges (toes) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔toes skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔move skeleton, produce heat, maintain posture voluntarily, attached to bone tendons - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Connect muscle to bone ligaments - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Connect bone to bone and bone to cartilage
muscle tone - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔even when you're not moving, muscles are in a state of partial contraction smooth/involuntary muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Muscle that performs involuntary movement and is found inside certain organs, such as the stomach, esophagus, urinary systems, blood vessels, uterus, glands, eye, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, intestines. Control blood flow & move food through digestive tract cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. Pharynx - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔throat larynx - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔voice box trachea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔windpipe external nares - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nostrils hard palate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔floor of nasal cavity/ roof of mouth soft palate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔marks boundary between nasopharynx and the rest of the pharynx
glottis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔space between the vocal folds Sellick maneuver - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A technique that is used with intubation in which pressure is applied on either side of the cricoid cartilage to prevent gastric distention and aspiration and allow better visualization of vocal cords; also called cricoid pressure. esophagus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. bronchus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔smallest branches of the bronchi alveoli - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood surfactant - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔prevents alveoli from collapsing lungs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔spongy, air-filled organs mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔space between the lungs
pleurae - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔serous (oily) membranes that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall parietal pleura - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall visceral pleura - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue pleural space - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura filled with oily fluid systolic blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔pressure in an artery when heart is pumping (systole) diastolic blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔pressure in artery when heart is at rest (diastole) perfusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔flow of blood through an organ or part of the body Shock (hypoperfusion) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inadequate blood flow through an organ or part of the body integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔involuntary wavelike contraction of smooth muscle the moves material through digestive tract chyme - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mixture of enzymes and partially- digested food small intestine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔20 feet long, smaller in diameter, receives food from stomach and secretions from pancreas and liver, site of most digestion and absorption; has 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum large intestine (colon) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5 feet long, excretes waste as feces; contains cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal liver - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔produces bile and stores minerals, fat- soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and blood gallbladder - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stores bile until it is needed by small intestine bile - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. pancreas - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔secretes juices that contain enzymes to digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
thyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in neck, produces hormones for heat, bone growth, and metabolic rate parathyroid glands - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in neck, maintains calcium level in blood adrenal glands - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔on top of each kidney, release epinephrine and norepinephrine pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in brain, master gland controlled by hypothalamus pineal gland - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔produces melatonin, which helps maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones islets of Langerhans - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in pancreas, secrete glucagon, increases blood glucose concentration (via insulin) thymus gland - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔plays a role in immune responses ovaries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔secrete estrogens testes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔secrete testosterone
wheezing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔suggests lower airways are partially blocked with fluids or mucus cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔amount of blood the heart pumps each minute, stroke volume * HR stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔amount of blood ejected by the ventricles of the heart each contraction venous return - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The amount of blood returned to the heart ventricles by the veins hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔major bleeding vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔narrowing of blood vessels, increases resistance vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔widening of blood vessels, decreases resistance blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cardiac output x peripheral resistance Signs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔objective, clinical findings
symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔subjective findings ABCDE (Patient Assessment) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure AVPU (Patient Mental Status Scale) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Alert Responds to Verbal Stimuli (ask about person, place, time, event) Responds to Painful Stimuli Unresponsive General Impression - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Appearance, Breathing, Circulation patent airway - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔open airway in-line stabilization - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔technique used to minimize movement of the head and neck carotid pulse - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck, central pulse, felt during CPR in adults
