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Definitions and explanations for various terms related to microbiology, including the normal microbiota, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and disease. It also discusses the benefits of mutualism to the host, the concept of a niche, and the criteria for microbial pathogenicity.
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An ever-present dynamic population of microorganismsthat inhabits most of our epithelial/mucosal surfaces TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 beneficial to both (microbe & host) TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 beneficial to one (microbe) , neither harmful or beneficial to other (host TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 beneficial to one (microbe), harmful to the other (host) = pathogenic
synthesize and excrete vitaminsenteric bacteria secrete Vitamin K and Vitamin B12 / germ-free animals Vit K deficient lactic acid bacteria produce certain B-vitaminsprevent colonization by pathogenspossibly most important beneficial aspectcompete for attachment sites &/or for essential nutrientsgerm-free animals infected by 10 Salmonella; ID for normal animals is ~ 106 TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 antagonize/ control other normal flora & pathogenic bacteriaproduction of substances which inhibit or kill other indigenous bacteriarelatively nonspecific fatty acids and peroxides to highly specific bacteriocins stimulate the production of cross- reactive antibodiesantigenic primingbehave as antigens & induce an immunological responsecross react with certain related pathogens"natural" antibodies - lacking in germ-free animals TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 ~91% microbes, ~9% humanmore bacterial cells (~10^14) associated with your body than there are human ones (~10^13) TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 relationship between living organisms & their environment TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 nature of host tissue surfaceoxygen availability pHtemperatureavailable nutrients
Vibrio choleraeYersinia pestis TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Micrococcus speciesLactobacillus species TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Escherichia coliStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcus pneumoniaPseudomonas aeruginosa TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 pass from one person to another TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 congenitaldirect contactaerosol/respiratoryingestiontraumaIV transfusion / percutaneoussexual
skin Staphylococcus aureus respiratory tract Mycobacterium tuberculosisgastrointestinal tract Salmonella typhigenitourinary tract Treponema pallidum TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 microorganisms that are capable of producing disease given the opportunitymany opportunistic pathogens are members of the normal microbiota TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 impaired host defense immunocompromised / chemotherapy / antibiotic treatmentaccidental access to blood or tissues TERM 24
DEFINITION 24
DEFINITION 25 Streptococcus sanguinis Gram-positive facultative coccus - normal inhabitant of dental plaque - entry into bloodstream & colonize heart valves - most common cause of bacterial endocarditis