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Functions of Nonverbal. Communication. ✹ Accenting: these signals emphasize some part of a verbal message. ✹ Examples: a raised eyebrow might.
Typology: Exercises
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Guide to Cross-Cultural Communication
Nonverbals are a crucial element of managerial communication. The nonverbal message comprises about 93% of the total message (55% comes from facial expressions and posture of speaker, while vocal aspects [vocalics] deliver 38%, and the actual words deliver only 7%).
Nonverbal Communication Defined Definition: The transfer of meaning without using verbal symbols.
Sign language Action language Object language
Complementing : these signals reinforces the general tone or attitude of our verbal communication. Examples: a downcast expression and slumping posture might accompany words of discouragement; upright posture, a smile, & animated movement might reflect the verbal story about getting a promotion.
Contradicting : these signals can contradict the verbal message, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unintentionally. These nonverbal cues will often tell the observer the truth when the verbal cues don t. (Nonverbal leakage of deception) Examples: tears in our eyes and a quiver in our voice might contradict our verbal message that we re all right. A wink & a nod will send the non- verbal message that we don t mean what we re saying.
Repeating : these signals repeat what verbal messages convey. Example: with keys in hand and coat on, you announce I m leaving as you walk toward the door.
Substituting : If we can t send a message by verbal cues, we might use emblems to get our point across. Example: A supervisor visiting a noisy factory might use the OK sign to signal an employee; a thumbs up sign can substi-tute for words of praise or encouragement.
Nonverbal behavior always communicates. Nonverbal behavior is governed by rules. (Most nonverbal behavior is learned and is a product of our culture in which we are raised, but there are exceptions.)
Nonverbal behavior is highly believable. Nonverbal behavior is metacommuni- cational. ( Meta means along with, about, or among; so it is communication about communication.)
Kinesics is the most studied of the areas of nonverbal communication. It includes body movement (walking, sitting, standing, moving our arms, hands, head, feet, and legs), posture, facial expression, and eye contact.
Emblems : nonverbal acts which have a direct verbal translation, sometimes just a word or two. Examples: thumbs-up sign, the extended middle finger, the hitchhiker s thumb, OK sign.
Affect displays : these are behaviors that indicate the type and intensity of the various emotions that we feel. Example: facial expressions and hand & arm movements are commonly used to communicate emotional states of mind.
Regulators : these are the body move- ments that help control the flow of communication. Example: when one holds up the hand palm outward to keep another from interrupting.