Download Non-Mendelian Genetics | GENE - Genetics 1 - Introduction and more Quizzes Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
Define Incomplete Dominance (example)
(ratio)
neither allele is dominant over the other 2 parents 3 phenotypes(heterozygote is distinct from parent) rare Ex) snapdragon flowers & Andalusian blue chickens 1:2: TERM 2
Define Codominance (example) (ratio)
DEFINITION 2 no dominance of one allele over another (both are expressed) Ex) MN antigens on human blood cells 1:2: TERM 3
Define Multiple Alleles (example) (ratio)
DEFINITION 3 There aremore then 2 alleles one person has 2 but there are 3 types arise from mutations Ex) ABO blood typing 1:1:1: TERM 4
What are the different blood types? Which are
codominant?
DEFINITION 4 A B AB (rare) O (common blood type) A and B are codominant TERM 5
What blood type is the universal donor?
DEFINITION 5 O
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
TERM 7
What blood type has the A-antigen? B-
antigen? Neither? Both?
DEFINITION 7 A-antigen: A and AB B-antigen: B and AB Neither: O Both A&B-antigens: AB TERM 8
What happens if blood types are mismatched?
DEFINITION 8 Transfusion reaction Agglutination of RBCs TERM 9
What is erythroblastosis fetalis? When does it
happen?
DEFINITION 9 occurs when the body lacks antigen D concern when Rh- mother has 2nd Rh+ child the child dies TERM 10
What is an antigen?
DEFINITION 10 substance that illicits an immune response
Define polymorphic genes (example)
genes that have more then one wild type ex) ABO blood type TERM 17
Define pleiotrophy genes (example)
DEFINITION 17 a gene having more than one effect on phenotype ex) marfan syndrome: a genetic disorder dur to a FBN gene mutation TERM 18
Define Lethal Alleles
DEFINITION 18 alleles that can cause an organism to die when the homozygote is present TERM 19
Define recessive lethal alleles
(example)
DEFINITION 19 death occurs with a homozygous recessive phenotype A = normal gene a = mutant geneAA = survivesaa = diesAa = carrier ex) tay-sachs(metabolic dz); cystic fibrosis(mucus in lungs); congential ichthyosis(leathery skin) TERM 20
Define dominant lethal alleles (example)
DEFINITION 20 death occurs with a homozygous dominant phenotype A = mutant genea = normal geneAA = diesaa = survivesAa = carrier ex) achondroplasia
What is epistasis? How is the metabolic
pathway involved?
one genes allele masks the phenotype of another genes allele metabolic pathways are involved because they involve many chemical reactions to form a final product (cascade of events) TERM 22
What is discontinous variation? (example)
DEFINITION 22 variation in traits that are grouped into categories ex) pea plants being short/tall; yellow/green seeded TERM 23
What is continous variation? (example)
DEFINITION 23 variation in traits that are placed on a bell curve instead of being grouped ex) height in humans, weight TERM 24
What is a polygenic trait?
DEFINITION 24 a trait controlled by many genes TERM 25
All Ratios
DEFINITION 25 Complete Dominance: 3:1Incomplete Dominance: 1:2:1Codominance: 1:2:1Multple Alleles: 1:1:1:1Recessive Epistasis: 9:4:3Dominant Epistasis: 12:3:
