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The IUPAC's role in ratifying the names of newly discovered elements with atomic numbers over 100. It also highlights the challenges in identifying and characterizing these elements due to their volatility and the need for expensive equipment. The document also mentions the pressure on scientists to declare the discovery of an element before having strong data to back it up. The IUPAC recommends a systematic nomenclature based on an element's atomic number to avoid naming conflicts.
Typology: Lecture notes
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The IUPAC was utilised to ratify the proposed name as well as the discoverer's privilege when naming the new elements (or discoverers). Recent years have seen a lot of discussion around this. Very small amounts of the new, extremely high atomic number elements—occasionally as few as a few atoms —are ever identified due to their extraordinary volatility. It takes a lab and very expensive equipment to synthesise and characterise them. Only a small number of laboratories worldwide perform such work in a competitive manner. There are occasions when scientists feel pressured to declare the discovery of an element before they have strong data to back them up. As an example, element 104 was found by
researchers in the US and the USSR. The American and Soviet names for it were rutherfordium. referred to as Kurchatovium. The IUPAC has advised systematic nomenclature be generated directly from an element's atomic number using the numerical roots for 0 and numbers 1 through 9, at least until a new element is discovered and its name is accepted by the scientific community, in order to avoid these problems. The roots are put together in the sequence of the digits of the atomic number, and "ium" is added at the end. IUPAC designations for substances that have Z values above 100.
The "aufbau" (German for "build up") concept and atoms' electrical configuration are used to generate the Periodic Table. Later, we'll talk more about these elements. When defining their features, some classed terminology has been used.